Bloody Brilliant

The symptoms of a transfusion reaction include fever, chills, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, nausea, and vomiting.

Kidney damage is prevented by administering fluids and diuretics to wash out hemoglobin.

Type O blood is considered a universal donor as it does not have A or B antigens.

<p>Pallor and weakness occur with a loss of 15-30% of blood. A loss of more than 30% can result in potentially fatal severe shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood volume must be replaced immediately with normal saline or a multiple-electrolyte solution (Ringer's solution) that mimics plasma electrolyte composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infusions of packed red blood cells (PRBCs), where plasma and white blood cells are removed, are preferred to restore oxygen-carrying capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood typing is used to classify the blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic markers on the surface of red blood cells. It is performed to determine blood groups and to ensure compatibility during transfusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface antigens on RBCs determine the blood groups by acting as markers that help the immune system recognize and respond to foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the ABO blood typing system, individuals with blood type A have A antigens on their RBCs and produce anti-B antibodies, individuals with blood type B have B antigens on their RBCs and produce anti-A antibodies, individuals with blood type AB have both A and B antigens on their RBCs and do not produce any antibodies, and individuals with blood type O have neither A nor B antigens on their RBCs and produce both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence or absence of the Rh antigen on RBCs determines whether blood is classified as Rh positive or Rh negative. If the Rh antigen is present, the blood is Rh positive. If the Rh antigen is absent, the blood is Rh negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The symptoms of a transfusion reaction include fever, chills, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, nausea, and vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type O blood can be transfused to patients of any blood type because it does not have A or B antigens that can react with antibodies in the recipient's blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autologous transfusions involve patients pre-donating their own blood which is stored and available if needed. This reduces the risk of transfusion reactions and ensures a compatible blood match.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface antigens on RBCs determine the blood type of an individual. These antigens are specific molecules that are present on the surface of the red blood cells and can be recognized by antibodies in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are naturally present in the plasma of individuals who do not have the corresponding A or B antigens on their red blood cells. On the other hand, anti-Rh antibodies are only developed when an individual with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compatible blood types for transfusion depend on the presence or absence of specific antigens. ABO compatibility is crucial, as incompatible ABO blood types can lead to severe adverse reactions like hemolysis. Rh compatibility is also important, as Rh-negative individuals should not be transfused with Rh-positive blood due to the potential development of Rh antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of more than 30% of blood volume can result in potentially fatal severe shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfusing PRBCs is preferred to restore oxygen-carrying capacity, as plasma and white blood cells are removed from the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood typing is necessary to determine the compatibility of the donor and recipient's blood, as transfusion reactions can be fatal if mismatched blood is infused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major blood groups typed during blood typing are the ABO and Rh blood groups, as they cause the most vigorous transfusion reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers