Bloody Brilliant

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What are the symptoms of a transfusion reaction?

The symptoms of a transfusion reaction include fever, chills, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, nausea, and vomiting.

How is kidney damage prevented during a transfusion reaction?

Kidney damage is prevented by administering fluids and diuretics to wash out hemoglobin.

Which blood type is considered a universal donor?

Type O blood is considered a universal donor as it does not have A or B antigens.

What are the symptoms of blood loss?

Pallor and weakness occur with a loss of 15-30% of blood. A loss of more than 30% can result in potentially fatal severe shock. Signup and view all the answers

How is blood volume restored?

Blood volume must be replaced immediately with normal saline or a multiple-electrolyte solution (Ringer's solution) that mimics plasma electrolyte composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method to restore oxygen-carrying capacity?

Infusions of packed red blood cells (PRBCs), where plasma and white blood cells are removed, are preferred to restore oxygen-carrying capacity. Signup and view all the answers

What is blood typing used for?

Blood typing is used to classify the blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic markers on the surface of red blood cells. It is performed to determine blood groups and to ensure compatibility during transfusions. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups.

Surface antigens on RBCs determine the blood groups by acting as markers that help the immune system recognize and respond to foreign substances. Signup and view all the answers

List the type of antigen and the type of antibodies present in each ABO blood type.

In the ABO blood typing system, individuals with blood type A have A antigens on their RBCs and produce anti-B antibodies, individuals with blood type B have B antigens on their RBCs and produce anti-A antibodies, individuals with blood type AB have both A and B antigens on their RBCs and do not produce any antibodies, and individuals with blood type O have neither A nor B antigens on their RBCs and produce both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the presence or absence of Rh antigen results in blood being classified as positive or negative.

The presence or absence of the Rh antigen on RBCs determines whether blood is classified as Rh positive or Rh negative. If the Rh antigen is present, the blood is Rh positive. If the Rh antigen is absent, the blood is Rh negative. Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of a transfusion reaction?

The symptoms of a transfusion reaction include fever, chills, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, nausea, and vomiting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Type O blood as a universal donor?

Type O blood can be transfused to patients of any blood type because it does not have A or B antigens that can react with antibodies in the recipient's blood. Signup and view all the answers

How are autologous transfusions beneficial for patients?

Autologous transfusions involve patients pre-donating their own blood which is stored and available if needed. This reduces the risk of transfusion reactions and ensures a compatible blood match. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups?

Surface antigens on RBCs determine the blood type of an individual. These antigens are specific molecules that are present on the surface of the red blood cells and can be recognized by antibodies in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and the development of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are naturally present in the plasma of individuals who do not have the corresponding A or B antigens on their red blood cells. On the other hand, anti-Rh antibodies are only developed when an individual with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood types are considered compatible for blood transfusion and what happens when an incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused?

Compatible blood types for transfusion depend on the presence or absence of specific antigens. ABO compatibility is crucial, as incompatible ABO blood types can lead to severe adverse reactions like hemolysis. Rh compatibility is also important, as Rh-negative individuals should not be transfused with Rh-positive blood due to the potential development of Rh antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of losing more than 30% of blood volume?

Loss of more than 30% of blood volume can result in potentially fatal severe shock. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transfusing packed red blood cells (PRBCs) instead of whole-blood transfusions?

Transfusing PRBCs is preferred to restore oxygen-carrying capacity, as plasma and white blood cells are removed from the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Why is blood typing necessary before a blood transfusion?

Blood typing is necessary to determine the compatibility of the donor and recipient's blood, as transfusion reactions can be fatal if mismatched blood is infused. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major blood groups typed during blood typing?

The major blood groups typed during blood typing are the ABO and Rh blood groups, as they cause the most vigorous transfusion reactions. Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers

What are the symptoms of a transfusion reaction?

How is kidney damage prevented during a transfusion reaction?

Which blood type is considered a universal donor?

What are the symptoms of blood loss?

How is blood volume restored?

What is the preferred method to restore oxygen-carrying capacity?

What is blood typing used for?

Explain the role of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups.

List the type of antigen and the type of antibodies present in each ABO blood type.

Describe how the presence or absence of Rh antigen results in blood being classified as positive or negative.

What are the symptoms of a transfusion reaction?

What is the significance of Type O blood as a universal donor?

How are autologous transfusions beneficial for patients?

What is the significance of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups?

Explain the difference between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and the development of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Which blood types are considered compatible for blood transfusion and what happens when an incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused?

What are the consequences of losing more than 30% of blood volume?

What is the purpose of transfusing packed red blood cells (PRBCs) instead of whole-blood transfusions?

Why is blood typing necessary before a blood transfusion?

What are the major blood groups typed during blood typing?

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