Blood Types Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What antigens are present in a person who has type O blood?

Neither A or B antigens.

What antibodies are present in a person who has type A blood?

Anti-B antibodies.

Where in the blood are the antigens located?

On red blood cells.

Where in the blood are the antibodies located?

<p>In the plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen in the blood of a person if both antigen B and anti-B antibodies were present?

<p>The anti-B antibodies would attack the antigen B, so the blood is attacking itself and red blood cells are being destroyed and are clumping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why someone with blood type AB would be considered a 'universal receiver' (in terms of antigens and antibodies).

<p>Type AB is the 'universal receiver' because it does not have any anti-A or anti-B antibodies to attack the antigens of the donor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type B given to type O blood is safe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type B given to type AB blood is safe.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Rh+ blood different from Rh- blood?

<p>Rh+ blood has the Rh factor (antigen D) and Rh- blood does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What antibody can Rh- people make that Rh+ people cannot?

<p>Anti-Rh antibody.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would Rh- people make the anti-Rh antibody?

<p>When they come into contact with Rh+ blood/the Rh factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) When does the blood from the baby actually enter the mother and mix with her blood?

<p>During birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) What does the mother make in response to the baby's Rh+ blood that enters her bloodstream?

<p>Anti-Rh antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) Is this 1st Rh+ baby harmed in any way and why?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) If the mom has a 2nd Rh+ baby, when do the mom's antibodies cross the placenta into the baby's bloodstream?

<p>Just before birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) What happens in the baby when the mom's antibodies enter his blood?

<p>Red blood cells are destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) When does the mother make more anti-Rh antibodies against the 2nd Rh+ baby's blood?

<p>After the baby's blood mixes with hers during birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) What drug is given to the Rh- mom who has an Rh+ baby?

<p>RhoGAM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Rh- mom and Rh+ baby) If the mom is not given the drug and has a 3rd and 4th Rh+ baby, how would they be affected?

<p>They could die; more and more red blood cells are being destroyed and clumped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Type O Antigens

A person with type O blood has neither A nor B antigens on their red blood cells.

Type A Antibodies

A person with type A blood has anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

Antigen Location

Antigens are located on the surface of red blood cells.

Antibody Location

Antibodies are located in the plasma.

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Antigen B and Anti-B

If both antigen B and anti-B antibodies are present, the antibodies will attack the antigen B, causing the blood to attack itself.

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Type AB: Universal Receiver

Type AB blood is considered the 'universal receiver' because it does not have any anti-A or anti-B antibodies to attack the antigens of the donor.

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Rh+ vs Rh- Blood

Rh+ blood has the Rh factor (antigen D), while Rh- blood does not.

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Anti-Rh Antibody

Rh- people can make the anti-Rh antibody, but Rh+ people cannot.

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When Anti-Rh is Made

Rh- people make the anti-Rh antibody when they come into contact with Rh+ blood/the Rh factor.

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Fetal-Maternal Blood Mixing

During birth, the baby's blood can enter the mother's bloodstream and mix with her blood.

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Mother's Response to Rh+ Blood

In response to the baby's Rh+ blood, the mother's body will create Anti-Rh antibodies.

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First Rh+ Baby

The first Rh+ baby is not harmed because the mother has not yet produced significant anti-Rh antibodies.

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Mom's Antibodies and 2nd Rh+ Baby

In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ baby, the mother's Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta into the baby's bloodstream.

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Baby's Reaction to Mom's Antibodies

The baby's red blood cells are destroyed by the mother's antibodies.

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More Anti-Rh after Birth

The mother makes more anti-Rh antibodies after the baby's birth, when the baby's blood mixes with hers.

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Drug for Rh- Mom

RhoGAM is given to the Rh- mom who has an Rh+ baby.

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Risks Without RhoGAM

Without RhoGAM, subsequent Rh+ babies face increasing risk of red blood cell destruction and potential death.

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Study Notes

Blood Types and Antigens

  • Type O blood has no A or B antigens on red blood cells.
  • Type A blood contains anti-B antibodies in its plasma.
  • Antigens are located on red blood cells, while antibodies are found in plasma.

Blood Compatibility

  • If a person has both antigen B and anti-B antibodies, their blood will attack itself, leading to destruction and clumping of red blood cells.
  • Type AB individuals are considered "universal receivers" as they lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies, allowing them to accept any blood type.
  • Transfusing type B blood to a type O individual is not safe due to anti-B antibodies attacking B antigens.
  • Giving type B blood to a type AB individual is safe because they do not produce anti-B antibodies.

Rh Factor Differences

  • Rh+ blood contains the Rh factor (antigen D), whereas Rh- blood lacks this antigen.
  • Rh- individuals can produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed to Rh+ blood.
  • Rh- mothers become sensitized to Rh+ blood when it enters their circulation, often during childbirth.

Rh- Mothers and Rh+ Babies

  • Blood from a Rh+ baby enters the mother's bloodstream during birth.
  • In response to the baby's Rh+ blood, the mother produces anti-Rh antibodies.
  • The first Rh+ baby is not harmed because maternal antibodies do not cross the placenta until after birth.
  • For subsequent pregnancies with Rh+ babies, maternal antibodies cross the placenta just before birth, potentially destroying the baby’s red blood cells.
  • The mother produces more anti-Rh antibodies after mixing of blood during delivery of the second Rh+ baby.
  • RhoGAM is a drug administered to Rh- mothers to prevent antibody formation against Rh+ blood in future pregnancies.
  • Without RhoGAM, subsequent Rh+ babies can be severely affected, leading to destruction of their red blood cells and possible fatal outcomes.

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