Blood Transfusion Reactions and Crossmatching

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the purpose of performing a crossmatch?

To prevent transfusion reactions and increase in vivo survival of red cells (correct)

To identify the presence of IgM antibodies

To detect ABO errors

To determine the Rh type of the donor

Why are units negative for the antigen not given to patients with clinically significant antibodies?

To prevent transfusion reactions (correct)

Because the antibodies are of the IgM type

To detect ABO errors

To increase the in vivo survival of red cells

What is the purpose of the antibody screen?

To detect the presence of any unexpected antibodies in patient serum (correct)

To identify the Rh type of the donor

To detect the presence of IgM antibodies

To determine the ABO type of the donor

Why is the minor crossmatch not required by AABB since 1976?

Because donated units are already tested for antibodies through antibody paneling Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at which clinically significant antibodies are reactive?

37°C Signup and view all the answers

What would be the next step if an antibody screen is positive?

ID antibody and select antigen negative blood Signup and view all the answers

What type of technology is similar to gel technology?

Red cell afﬁnity column technology Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the crossmatch?

To detect antibodies directed against antigens on the donor cell Signup and view all the answers

What type of assay can be used to detect both antigen and antibody?

Solid-Phase Adherence Assays Signup and view all the answers

What would be the next step if the antibody screen is negative and the crossmatch is positive?

ID antibody and select antigen negative blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a crossmatch?

To verify donor cell ABO compatibility and detect most antibodies against donor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is not a limitation of crossmatching?

It can guarantee normal survival of RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of detecting antibodies in crossmatching?

To verify the compatibility of the donor and recipient Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is a complete crossmatch performed?

When an antibody or previous alloantibody is detected Signup and view all the answers

Why are donor cells taken from segments attached to the unit itself?

To prevent contamination of the blood in the bag Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing an antibody screen before crossmatching?

To detect clinically significant antibodies in the patient's serum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the immediate spin phase in crossmatching?

To detect ABO incompatibility between the donor and recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a non-reactive result in crossmatching?

The units are compatible for transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for storing samples for donor testing?

Samples must be stored at room temperature for 7 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the antiglobulin phase in crossmatching?

To detect clinically significant antibodies to red cell antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate objective of the serologic and non-serologic protocols in pretransfusion testing?

To prevent an immune-mediated hemolytic transfusion reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for retaining segments from the released unit in an emergency release?

For possible crossmatching in the future if the patient's sample becomes available Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Medical Technologists in pretransfusion testing?

To ensure safe transfusion of blood units between the donor and the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to the patient's antibodies in their serum after a large volume blood transfusion?

They become undetectable due to dilution Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of properly performed compatibility tests?

Confirmation of ABO compatibility between the component and the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reviewing patient transfusion history during pretransfusion testing?

To detect any existing antibodies that may react with transfused blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of documenting every detail, including names and dates, in an emergency release?

To ensure accountability and protect the medical technologist Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical step in the pre-analytical phase of pretransfusion testing?

Patient identification Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of compatibility testing?

To select blood components that will not cause harm to the recipient Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to perform ABO/Rh typing and antibody screening on the patient's sample once it becomes available?

To ensure the patient's blood type is compatible with the transfused blood Signup and view all the answers

What may be performed as a precaution if more blood is needed in an emergency release?

Crossmatching additional units Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of pretransfusion testing?

To ensure safe transfusion of blood units between the donor and the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing an antibody screen during pretransfusion testing?

To detect any existing antibodies that may react with transfused blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest threat to safe transfusion therapy?

Clerical error Signup and view all the answers

What information should be confirmed with the patient during the pretransfusion testing process?

Full patient name and date of birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of crossmatching during pretransfusion testing?

To ensure compatibility between the patient's blood and the donor blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of transfusion-related fatalities?