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Questions and Answers
When does the effect of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions typically become noticeable?
How does delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction affect the level of antibodies?
What is the mechanism for red blood cell destruction in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
What characterizes delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
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What causes delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
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How long does it typically take for the effects of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions to become noticeable?
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What is the mechanism of red blood cell destruction in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
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How is delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction different from acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
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What characterizes the antibodies involved in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
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Why does delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction result in fever, hyperbilirubinemia, and failure to achieve the expected rise in Hb?
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Study Notes
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
Characteristics
- Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions are characterized by the production of antibodies against donated red blood cells.
- These reactions typically become noticeable 3-14 days after transfusion.
Mechanism of Red Blood Cell Destruction
- Red blood cell destruction occurs through the immune-mediated process of antibody-mediated hemolysis.
Causes
- Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions are caused by the production of antibodies against donated red blood cells, often as a result of previous transfusions or pregnancies.
Antibody Characteristics
- The antibodies involved in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions are usually IgG antibodies, which can cross the placenta and cause hemolytic disease in the fetus.
Comparison to Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
- Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions differ from acute hemolytic transfusion reactions in their timing and severity, with delayed reactions occurring days to weeks after transfusion and often being less severe.
Clinical Presentation
- Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions result in fever, hyperbilirubinemia, and failure to achieve the expected rise in Hb due to the destruction of transfused red blood cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, which occur when a patient is previously sensitized to one or more red blood cell antigens. Despite routine testing not detecting the antibodies, transfusion can provoke an anamnestic response, leading to fever, hyperbilirubinemia, and failure to achieve expected rise in hemoglobin levels.
