Blood Transfusion and Antibody Screening
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Questions and Answers

What level of hematocrit is required for therapeutic phlebotomy?

  • 45% and above
  • 35% and above
  • 50% and above
  • 40% and above (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a Western Blot confirmatory test?

  • To detect Anti-HBc
  • To confirm presence of antibodies (correct)
  • To screen for HBsAg
  • To test for NAT

    • Why are platelets at a higher risk of bacterial contamination?

  • Because they are stored for too long
  • Because they are derived from normal skin flora (correct)
  • Because they are stored at room temperature
  • Because they are not sterilely processed

    • What is the purpose of an antibody screen in donor blood testing?

    <p>To detect unexpected antibodies in the donor's plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of quarantine and recipient tracing (look-back) in blood donation?

    <p>To trace recipients of blood products from an infected donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for performing antibody screening in patients?

    <p>To detect antibodies towards the donor's red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for ensuring a control is negative in Rh typing?

    <p>To detect the presence/absence of D antigen and validate the test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a Massive Transfusion?

    <p>A transfusion of 5 liters or 10-12 units of blood within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when transfusing blood to a patient with a weak-D antigen?

    <p>The patient is not at risk of developing anti-D antibodies due to the reduced antigen sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Group O individuals being 'Universal Donors'?

    <p>They can donate blood to any blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be given in an emergency situation when there is no time to perform antibody screening?

    <p>Group O Rh-Negative red cells or AB plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate course of action when an ABO discrepancy cannot be resolved immediately and immediate transfusion is required?

    <p>Transfuse group O negative RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Antibody Screening in blood transfusion?

    <p>To ensure the transfusion of antigen-negative red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient is known to have a clinically significant unexpected antibody?

    <p>Give antigen negative units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a negative control in Rh typing?

    <p>It validates the test and detects the presence/absence of D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the antiglobulin phase in crossmatching?

    <p>To detect clinically significant antibodies to red cell antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of phases required to be considered a complete crossmatch if antibodies are detected in the antibody screen?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting samples for donor testing at the same time as the full donor unit?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of the crossmatching results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a non-reactive result in crossmatching?

    <p>It indicates the compatibility of the donor unit for transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the unique number on the (1) cards, (2) pilot samples, and the (3) collecting bags (4) segments?

    <p>It identifies the donor unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of antibodies typically become undetectable after 10 years?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ABO/Rh typing considered the most critical pretransfusion serologic test?

    <p>Because of its importance in transfusion medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for reviewing a recipient's records before proceeding with transfusion?

    <p>To identify any prior unexpected antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of antibodies that reach undetectable levels within one year?

    <p>30-35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the antibody notorious for causing a delayed type of hemolytic transfusion reaction?

    <p>KIDD BGS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?

    <p>To detect Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Type & Screen instead of crossmatching for surgical procedures?

    <p>It conserves blood inventory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Pedipacks used in infant transfusions?

    <p>They are smaller aliquots of larger units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Group O individuals being 'Universal Donors'?

    <p>They can donate blood to anyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for performing antibody screening in patients?

    <p>To detect Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a pretransfusion test?

    <p>To detect only red cell antibodies incompatible with the donor's blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the labeling form for a blood unit?

    <p>Patient's full name, ID number, ABO/Rh of patient and unit, and donor number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inspecting the blood unit during the post-analytical phase?

    <p>To check for bacterial contamination, clots, or other abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing the requisition form, donor unit tag, and blood product label when issuing blood?

    <p>To ensure the correct unit is released to the correct patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an unused blood unit?

    <p>It is discarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when releasing a blood unit to a nurse or physician?

    <p>Verifying the requisition form, donor unit tag, and blood product label</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a clinically significant antibody?

    <p>To identify antibodies that may cause a transfusion reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is checked during the post-analytical phase of blood transfusion?

    <p>Labeling and inspecting the blood unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ABO/Rh typing?

    <p>To determine the patient's blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the complete crossmatching phase?

    <p>DAT and IAT are performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing an antibody screen and/or identification?

    <p>To identify the presence of any unexpected antibodies in patient serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the minor crossmatch not required?

    <p>Because donated units are tested for antibodies already through antibody paneling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a non-reactive crossmatch result?

    <p>It indicates the donor units are compatible and safe for transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Pedipacks used in infant transfusions?

    <p>Because they are specifically designed for infant transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?

    <p>To ensure compatibility with the patient's blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using Type & Screen instead of crossmatching for surgical procedures?

    <p>It is faster and more efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting donor cells from segments attached to the unit?

    <p>To prevent contamination of the blood in the bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a crossmatch in blood transfusion?

    <p>To verify donor cell ABO compatibility and detect most antibodies against donor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing ONLY immediate spin phase if no antibody is detected?

    <p>To verify donor cell ABO compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when transfusing blood to a patient with a weak-D antigen?

    <p>Ensuring ABO compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Pedipacks used in infant transfusions?

    <p>Because they are smaller and more suitable for infant transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?

    <p>To ensure compatibility between the patient's blood and the blood to be transfused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing an antibody screen in donor blood testing?

    <p>To ensure the blood unit is free of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using Pedipacks in infant transfusions?

    <p>To reduce the volume of blood transfused to the infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Autologous Crossmatching?

    <p>To ensure compatibility between the patient's and donor's blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a universal donor?

    <p>Can donate blood to any individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an antibody screen in patients?

    <p>To detect alloantibodies in the patient's serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?

    <p>To select antigen-negative blood for transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing antibody screening in donor blood testing?

    <p>To detect clinically significant antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to collect samples for donor testing at the same time as the full donor unit?

    <p>To ensure the unique number on the samples matches the donor unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Group O individuals being 'Universal Donors'?

    <p>They can donate blood to any group, but can only receive blood from Group O individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the antiglobulin phase in crossmatching?

    <p>To enhance the detection of IgG antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using Autologous Crossmatching?

    <p>It allows for crossmatching with the patient's own blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Pedipacks in infant transfusions?

    <p>To reduce the volume of blood transfused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood is released in an emergency situation without crossmatching?

    <p>O negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen to the patient's antibodies after a large volume of plasma and other fluids has been transfused?

    <p>They become undetectable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of retaining segments for crossmatching?

    <p>In case the patient is available for crossmatching later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is performed on the segments from the released unit in addition to ABO/Rh typing and antibody screening?

    <p>Crossmatching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be done by the lab as a precaution if more blood is needed?

    <p>Crossmatch additional units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to document every detail, including names and dates, in the event of an emergency release?

    <p>To show that the death was unrelated to an incompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

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