70 Questions
What level of hematocrit is required for therapeutic phlebotomy?
40% and above
What is the purpose of a Western Blot confirmatory test?
To confirm presence of antibodies
Why are platelets at a higher risk of bacterial contamination?
Because they are derived from normal skin flora
What is the purpose of an antibody screen in donor blood testing?
To detect unexpected antibodies in the donor's plasma
What is the goal of quarantine and recipient tracing (look-back) in blood donation?
To trace recipients of blood products from an infected donor
What is the primary reason for performing antibody screening in patients?
To detect antibodies towards the donor's red blood cells
What is the primary reason for ensuring a control is negative in Rh typing?
To detect the presence/absence of D antigen and validate the test
What is the definition of a Massive Transfusion?
A transfusion of 5 liters or 10-12 units of blood within 24 hours
What is the primary consideration when transfusing blood to a patient with a weak-D antigen?
The patient is not at risk of developing anti-D antibodies due to the reduced antigen sites
What is the significance of Group O individuals being 'Universal Donors'?
They can donate blood to any blood group
What should be given in an emergency situation when there is no time to perform antibody screening?
Group O Rh-Negative red cells or AB plasma
What is the appropriate course of action when an ABO discrepancy cannot be resolved immediately and immediate transfusion is required?
Transfuse group O negative RBCs
What is the purpose of Antibody Screening in blood transfusion?
To ensure the transfusion of antigen-negative red blood cells
What should be done if a patient is known to have a clinically significant unexpected antibody?
Give antigen negative units
What is the significance of a negative control in Rh typing?
It validates the test and detects the presence/absence of D antigen
What is the primary purpose of the antiglobulin phase in crossmatching?
To detect clinically significant antibodies to red cell antigens
What is the minimum number of phases required to be considered a complete crossmatch if antibodies are detected in the antibody screen?
4
What is the purpose of collecting samples for donor testing at the same time as the full donor unit?
To ensure the accuracy of the crossmatching results
What is the significance of a non-reactive result in crossmatching?
It indicates the compatibility of the donor unit for transfusion
What is the significance of the unique number on the (1) cards, (2) pilot samples, and the (3) collecting bags (4) segments?
It identifies the donor unit
What percentage of antibodies typically become undetectable after 10 years?
50%
Why is ABO/Rh typing considered the most critical pretransfusion serologic test?
Because of its importance in transfusion medicine
What is the primary reason for reviewing a recipient's records before proceeding with transfusion?
To identify any prior unexpected antibodies
What is the percentage of antibodies that reach undetectable levels within one year?
30-35%
What is the name of the antibody notorious for causing a delayed type of hemolytic transfusion reaction?
KIDD BGS
What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?
To detect Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
What is the benefit of using Type & Screen instead of crossmatching for surgical procedures?
It conserves blood inventory
Why are Pedipacks used in infant transfusions?
They are smaller aliquots of larger units
What is the significance of Group O individuals being 'Universal Donors'?
They can donate blood to anyone
What is the primary reason for performing antibody screening in patients?
To detect Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
What is the primary purpose of a pretransfusion test?
To detect only red cell antibodies incompatible with the donor's blood
What is included in the labeling form for a blood unit?
Patient's full name, ID number, ABO/Rh of patient and unit, and donor number
What is the purpose of inspecting the blood unit during the post-analytical phase?
To check for bacterial contamination, clots, or other abnormalities
What is the purpose of comparing the requisition form, donor unit tag, and blood product label when issuing blood?
To ensure the correct unit is released to the correct patient
What happens to an unused blood unit?
It is discarded
What is the primary consideration when releasing a blood unit to a nurse or physician?
Verifying the requisition form, donor unit tag, and blood product label
What is the purpose of a clinically significant antibody?
To identify antibodies that may cause a transfusion reaction
What is checked during the post-analytical phase of blood transfusion?
Labeling and inspecting the blood unit
What is the purpose of the ABO/Rh typing?
To determine the patient's blood type
What happens during the complete crossmatching phase?
DAT and IAT are performed
What is the purpose of performing an antibody screen and/or identification?
To identify the presence of any unexpected antibodies in patient serum
Why is the minor crossmatch not required?
Because donated units are tested for antibodies already through antibody paneling
What is the significance of a non-reactive crossmatch result?
It indicates the donor units are compatible and safe for transfusion
Why are Pedipacks used in infant transfusions?
Because they are specifically designed for infant transfusions
What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?
To ensure compatibility with the patient's blood type
What is the primary benefit of using Type & Screen instead of crossmatching for surgical procedures?
It is faster and more efficient
What is the primary purpose of collecting donor cells from segments attached to the unit?
To prevent contamination of the blood in the bag
What is the significance of a crossmatch in blood transfusion?
To verify donor cell ABO compatibility and detect most antibodies against donor cells
What is the purpose of performing ONLY immediate spin phase if no antibody is detected?
To verify donor cell ABO compatibility
What is the primary consideration when transfusing blood to a patient with a weak-D antigen?
Ensuring ABO compatibility
Why are Pedipacks used in infant transfusions?
Because they are smaller and more suitable for infant transfusions
What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?
To ensure compatibility between the patient's blood and the blood to be transfused
What is the purpose of performing an antibody screen in donor blood testing?
To ensure the blood unit is free of antibodies
What is the significance of using Pedipacks in infant transfusions?
To reduce the volume of blood transfused to the infant
What is the primary purpose of Autologous Crossmatching?
To ensure compatibility between the patient's and donor's blood
What is the significance of a universal donor?
Can donate blood to any individual
What is the primary purpose of an antibody screen in patients?
To detect alloantibodies in the patient's serum
What is the purpose of using A1 cells and B cells in Autologous Crossmatching?
To select antigen-negative blood for transfusion
What is the primary purpose of performing antibody screening in donor blood testing?
To detect clinically significant antibodies
Why is it important to collect samples for donor testing at the same time as the full donor unit?
To ensure the unique number on the samples matches the donor unit
What is the significance of Group O individuals being 'Universal Donors'?
They can donate blood to any group, but can only receive blood from Group O individuals
What is the purpose of the antiglobulin phase in crossmatching?
To enhance the detection of IgG antibodies
What is the primary benefit of using Autologous Crossmatching?
It allows for crossmatching with the patient's own blood
What is the purpose of using Pedipacks in infant transfusions?
To reduce the volume of blood transfused
What type of blood is released in an emergency situation without crossmatching?
O negative
What may happen to the patient's antibodies after a large volume of plasma and other fluids has been transfused?
They become undetectable
What is the purpose of retaining segments for crossmatching?
In case the patient is available for crossmatching later
What is performed on the segments from the released unit in addition to ABO/Rh typing and antibody screening?
Crossmatching
What may be done by the lab as a precaution if more blood is needed?
Crossmatch additional units
Why is it important to document every detail, including names and dates, in the event of an emergency release?
To show that the death was unrelated to an incompatibility
Learn about the importance of antibody screening in blood transfusions, the risks of hemolytic transfusion reactions, and the appropriate units to give in emergency situations. Understand the concept of ABO compatibility and the priority of blood types.
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