Blood Transfusion Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of red cell concentrates?

  • To act as antibodies
  • To separate cells from plasma (correct)
  • To increase the number of platelets
  • To provide clotting factors

Which component of blood is transfused mainly in severe cases of blood loss?

  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Whole blood (correct)
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Platelet concentrates

What is the key function of Immunoglobulins in the body?

  • To provide extra clotting factors
  • To act as antigens
  • To act as antibodies (correct)
  • To increase red blood cells count

How is Cryoprecipitate obtained?

<p>By freezing the plasma and thawing it slowly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood can be given to patients needing extra clotting factors?

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood can recipients of Blood group A and AB receive according to the table?

<p>Blood types A and O only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of proteins contains many substances needed for blood clotting?

<p>Cryoprecipitate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the blood is made by centrifuging whole blood?

<p>Red cell concentrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibodies would be present in an individual with B-positive blood?

<p>Anti-A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which antibodies cause red blood cells to clump together?

<p>Agglutination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood components is most commonly transfused?

<p>Red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for potential blood donors in Australia, according to the information provided?

<p>16-70 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding blood donation in Australia?

<p>Most states and territories have laws prohibiting payment for blood donations and charges for blood supplied to patients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood types would be able to receive blood from a donor with AB-positive blood?

<p>All blood types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system mentioned in the text?

<p>To transport materials throughout the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the age range for which parental permission may be required for blood donation in some states?

<p>16-17 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the molecules called that trigger an immune response?

<p>Antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the ABO blood group system?

<p>It is based on the presence or absence of two specific sugar antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an individual has both antigen A and antigen B on their red blood cells, what is their ABO blood group?

<p>Group AB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ABO blood group of an individual who has neither antigen A nor antigen B on their red blood cells?

<p>Group O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of ABO blood groups?

<p>It is determined by the individual's DNA and is therefore inherited. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when an antigen and its corresponding antibody combine?

<p>A complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the ABO blood group system?

<p>There are four possible blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in the ABO blood group system?

<p>They react with incompatible antigens, leading to a blood group reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the circulatory system according to the passage?

<p>To transport materials throughout the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood for the first time?

<p>The person becomes sensitized to the Rh antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between whole blood and red cell concentrates?

<p>Whole blood is taken directly from the donor, while red cell concentrates are produced by centrifugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of matching Rh blood groups for transfusions?

<p>To avoid clumping of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using red cell concentrates for transfusions?

<p>To provide a more concentrated source of red blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for adding a chemical to whole blood during a transfusion?

<p>To prevent the blood from clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ABO and Rh blood group incompatibility?

<p>ABO incompatibility results in the rapid production of antibodies, while Rh incompatibility results in the person's body being sensitised to it first, then any subsequence exposures cause a reaction as the body has produced anti-Rh antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for removing platelets and white blood cells from red cell concentrates?

<p>To reduce the risk of adverse reactions in the recipient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the septum in the heart?

<p>To prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the heart rate is 58 beats per minute and 70 ml of blood is expelled with each beat, what is the cardiac output in liters per minute?

<p>4.06 L/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between systole and diastole?

<p>Systole is the contraction of the ventricles, while diastole is the relaxation of the ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the failure of early attempts at blood transfusions between humans?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of the ABO blood group system?

<p>Karl Landsteiner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the molecules on the surface of red blood cells?

<p>To stimulate the immune system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood transfusions is accurate?

<p>Blood transfusions are used to treat conditions involving excessive blood loss or blood disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rh blood group system, discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1940?

<p>To classify blood groups based on the presence or absence of the Rh antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

list four reasons why someone would require a transfusion

<p>• If they have suffered extreme blood loss (accident, surgery, pregnancy) • If they have leukaemia • If they have certain types of anaemia • If they have haemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

3 Describe the process of agglutination.

<p>Answer: It is the clumping of erythrocytes when incompatible blood types are mixed. The receiver will produce antibodies against the antigens on the donor/foreign red cells, causing them to clump together and disintegrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

2 List the antibodies that would be present or produced from someone with B-negative blood.

<p>anti-Rh antibody anti-A antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

8 Explain why patients with severe bleeding receive plasma transfusions.

<p>Answer: Plasma contains cryoprecipitates which contain many of the chemicals required for blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

7 Compare and contrast the ABO blood groups and the Rh blood groups.

<p>Answer: Compare: Both are blood groups, they are inherited traits and both are based on the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Contrast: The ABO blood group produces sugar antigens; the Rh antigens are proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Red cell concentrates purpose

To separate red blood cells from other blood components (plasma).

Blood component in severe blood loss

Whole blood, containing all components.

Immunoglobulin function

They act as antibodies, fighting off infections.

Cryoprecipitate origin

Obtained by freezing plasma, then slowly thawing it.

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Blood component for clotting factors

Plasma.

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Blood type for A & AB recipients

A and O.

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Blood clotting protein group

Cryoprecipitate.

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Red cell concentrates creation

Created by centrifuging whole blood.

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B-positive blood antibody

Anti-A antibody.

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Agglutination definition

Clumping of red blood cells by antibodies.

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Most transfused blood component

Red blood cells.

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Australian blood donor age range

16–70 years.

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Australian blood donation payment laws

Generally prohibited.

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Blood types receiving AB-positive

All blood types.

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Circulatory system primary function

Transporting materials throughout the body.

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Parental permission blood donation age

Generally 16-17 years.

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Immune response triggers

Antigens.

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ABO blood group system base

Presence or absence of sugar antigens A and B on red blood cells.

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ABO blood group with A&B antigens

Group AB.

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ABO blood group with neither A nor B

Group O.

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ABO blood group inheritance

Inherited through DNA.

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Antigen-antibody combination

Forms a complex.

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ABO blood group possibilities

Four: A, B, AB, and O.

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Antibody role in ABO

React with incompatible antigens, causing reaction.

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Study Notes

Blood and Blood Products

  • Red cell concentrates are the most widely used component of blood, made by centrifuging whole blood to separate cells from plasma.
  • Platelet concentrates are given to patients with abnormal platelets or a reduced number of platelets.
  • Immunoglobulins are a group of proteins that act as antibodies, extracted from plasma of suitable donors.
  • Cryoprecipitate is obtained by freezing and thawing plasma, containing many substances needed for blood clotting.
  • Plasma is the liquid part of blood, given to patients needing extra clotting factors or with severe liver disease.

ABO Blood Groups and Donor-Recipient Matching

  • Antigens A and B are on the surface of red blood cells, and antibodies are produced in response.
  • ABO blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of antigens A and B: A (A antigen), B (B antigen), AB (both), and O (neither).
  • Donor-recipient matching is necessary to prevent agglutination reactions.

Blood Transfusions

  • Whole blood is used mainly in cases of severe blood loss.
  • Red cell concentrates are used for patients suffering from heart disease or severe anaemia.
  • Blood transfusions can be given to patients with excessive blood loss, some types of anaemia, leukaemia, haemophilia, or other conditions.

Blood Typing

  • The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901.
  • The Rh blood group system was discovered by Landsteiner in 1940.
  • Blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells.
  • Incompatible blood transfusions can cause agglutination reactions.

Becoming a Blood Donor

  • In Australia, blood is collected by the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and is free.
  • Most states and territories in Australia prohibit payment for blood donations or charges for blood supplied to patients.
  • Healthy people aged 16-70 can be potential donors, although in some states 16- and 17-year-olds may require parental permission.

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Test your knowledge on the components used in blood transfusions such as red cell concentrates and platelet concentrates. Learn about the process of separating cells from plasma and the use of chemical additives in whole blood to prevent clotting.

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