33 Questions
Which type of antibodies are typically responsible for causing decreased survival of RBCs possessing the target antigen?
IgG antibodies
At what temperature do clinically significant alloantibodies typically react?
37°C
In which phase of the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) do clinically significant alloantibodies typically react?
Phase 2
What is performed to determine the specificity of an unexpected antibody detected in the antibody screen?
Antibody identification panel
What can be ascertained once the specificity of an antibody is identified?
The antibody's clinical significance
Match the following types of antibodies with their descriptions:
Immune alloantibodies = Produced in response to RBC stimulation through transfusion, transplantation, or pregnancy Naturally occurring alloantibodies = Formed due to exposure to environmental sources like pollen, fungus, bacteria Passively acquired antibodies = Produced in one individual and transmitted to another via plasma-containing blood components or derivatives Autoantibodies = Antibodies directed against antigens expressed on one’s own RBCs
Which population group requires antibody screen testing as part of pretransfusion compatibility testing?
Allogeneic blood donors
What is the purpose of including an antibody screen in standard prenatal testing for obstetric patients?
To evaluate the risk of HDFN and to assess the mother's candidacy for Rh-immune globulin prophylaxis
In what situations may an antibody screen be performed when evaluating the compatibility of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) and bone marrow donors with the intended transplant recipient?
For all allogeneic HPC and bone marrow donors
Which method is used to detect clinically significant antibodies in a test tube?
IAT
What is the purpose of the immediate spin (IS) phase in the test tube method?
To detect antibodies reacting at room temperature
What is the purpose of the 37°C incubation phase in the test tube method?
To sensitize reagent RBCs with the patient’s antibodies
What does the addition of enhancement reagent in the test tube method do?
Increases the degree of sensitization
When is observation for hemolysis required in the test tube method?
When fresh serum and reagent RBCs that do not contain EDTA are used
How is agglutination observed in the test tube method?
By gently tilting or rolling the tube
What is the purpose of the AHG reagent in the test tube method?
To sensitize reagent RBCs with the patient’s antibodies
What is the concentration range of RBC reagents used in the test tube method?
Between 2% and 5%
What is the purpose of the IAT in the test tube method?
To detect clinically significant antibodies
What is the purpose of the centrifugation step in the test tube method?
To observe for hemolysis and agglutination
Which type of AHG reagent is not often used when performing antibody detection testing?
Polyspecific AHG reagent containing antibodies to both IgG and complement components
Which type of AHG reagent is also called polyvalent or broad spectrum Coombs’ serum?
Polyspecific AHG reagent containing antibodies to both IgG and complement components
Which type of AHG reagent contains antibodies to both IgG and complement components?
Polyspecific AHG reagent containing antibodies to both IgG and complement components
What is used to control a negative antiglobulin test after adding the AHG reagent?
Anti-D in the Coombs’ control cells
What does the addition of Coombs’ control cells in a negative antiglobulin test prove?
Adequate washing was performed to remove unbound antibodies before the AHG reagent was added
What should be done if the Coombs’ control cells fail to agglutinate in a negative antiglobulin test?
Repeat the antibody screen from the beginning
What is the purpose of the antibody screen in standard prenatal testing for obstetric patients?
To detect the presence of clinically significant antibodies
What should be done if a tube test is negative after adding the AHG reagent?
Add Coombs’ control cells to the test tube
What is the purpose of using group O cells in antibody screen testing?
To prevent interference from anti-A and anti-B antibodies
What should be observed for when using a pooled reagent for blood donor antibody screening?
Mixed-field agglutination
Which antigens should be expressed in the reagent set or pooled reagent used for antibody screen testing?
D, C, c, E, e, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, Lea, Leb, P1, M, N, S, and s
What is the significance of antibodies that show dosage in antibody screening?
They react more strongly with cells having homozygous antigen expression
Which antibodies may show dosage and react more strongly with cells having homozygous antigen expression?
Anti-Kidd antibodies
Which type of AHG reagent is also known as polyvalent or broad spectrum Coombs’ serum?
Polyspecific AHG reagent
Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of Antibody Detection in Blood Transfusion Think you know all about antibody detection in blood transfusion? Take this quiz to challenge your knowledge of the critical role that antibody detection plays in pretransfusion compatibility testing, investigating hemolytic transfusion reactions, and detecting immune hemolytic anemias. Plus, find out how it aids in identifying and monitoring patients at risk of delivering infants with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).
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