Antibody Detection in Blood Transfusion

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Which type of antibodies are typically responsible for causing decreased survival of RBCs possessing the target antigen?

IgA antibodies

IgM antibodies

IgG antibodies (correct)

IgE antibodies

At what temperature do clinically significant alloantibodies typically react?

37°C (correct)

50°C

25°C

0°C

In which phase of the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) do clinically significant alloantibodies typically react?

Phase 3

Phase 4

Phase 2 (correct)

Phase 1

What is performed to determine the specificity of an unexpected antibody detected in the antibody screen?

Antibody identification panel Signup and view all the answers

What can be ascertained once the specificity of an antibody is identified?

The antibody's clinical significance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of antibodies with their descriptions:

Immune alloantibodies = Produced in response to RBC stimulation through transfusion, transplantation, or pregnancy Naturally occurring alloantibodies = Formed due to exposure to environmental sources like pollen, fungus, bacteria Passively acquired antibodies = Produced in one individual and transmitted to another via plasma-containing blood components or derivatives Autoantibodies = Antibodies directed against antigens expressed on one’s own RBCs Signup and view all the answers

Which population group requires antibody screen testing as part of pretransfusion compatibility testing?

Allogeneic blood donors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including an antibody screen in standard prenatal testing for obstetric patients?

To evaluate the risk of HDFN and to assess the mother's candidacy for Rh-immune globulin prophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

In what situations may an antibody screen be performed when evaluating the compatibility of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) and bone marrow donors with the intended transplant recipient?

For all allogeneic HPC and bone marrow donors Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to detect clinically significant antibodies in a test tube?

IAT Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the immediate spin (IS) phase in the test tube method?

To detect antibodies reacting at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 37°C incubation phase in the test tube method?

To sensitize reagent RBCs with the patient’s antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What does the addition of enhancement reagent in the test tube method do?

Increases the degree of sensitization Signup and view all the answers

When is observation for hemolysis required in the test tube method?

When fresh serum and reagent RBCs that do not contain EDTA are used Signup and view all the answers

How is agglutination observed in the test tube method?

By gently tilting or rolling the tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the AHG reagent in the test tube method?

To sensitize reagent RBCs with the patient’s antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration range of RBC reagents used in the test tube method?

Between 2% and 5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the IAT in the test tube method?

To detect clinically significant antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the centrifugation step in the test tube method?

To observe for hemolysis and agglutination Signup and view all the answers

Which type of AHG reagent is not often used when performing antibody detection testing?

Polyspecific AHG reagent containing antibodies to both IgG and complement components Signup and view all the answers

Which type of AHG reagent is also called polyvalent or broad spectrum Coombs’ serum?

Polyspecific AHG reagent containing antibodies to both IgG and complement components Signup and view all the answers

Which type of AHG reagent contains antibodies to both IgG and complement components?

Polyspecific AHG reagent containing antibodies to both IgG and complement components Signup and view all the answers

What is used to control a negative antiglobulin test after adding the AHG reagent?

Anti-D in the Coombs’ control cells Signup and view all the answers

What does the addition of Coombs’ control cells in a negative antiglobulin test prove?

Adequate washing was performed to remove unbound antibodies before the AHG reagent was added Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the Coombs’ control cells fail to agglutinate in a negative antiglobulin test?

Repeat the antibody screen from the beginning Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the antibody screen in standard prenatal testing for obstetric patients?

To detect the presence of clinically significant antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a tube test is negative after adding the AHG reagent?

Add Coombs’ control cells to the test tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using group O cells in antibody screen testing?

To prevent interference from anti-A and anti-B antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What should be observed for when using a pooled reagent for blood donor antibody screening?

Mixed-field agglutination Signup and view all the answers

Which antigens should be expressed in the reagent set or pooled reagent used for antibody screen testing?

D, C, c, E, e, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, Lea, Leb, P1, M, N, S, and s Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of antibodies that show dosage in antibody screening?

They react more strongly with cells having homozygous antigen expression Signup and view all the answers

Which antibodies may show dosage and react more strongly with cells having homozygous antigen expression?

Anti-Kidd antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which type of AHG reagent is also known as polyvalent or broad spectrum Coombs’ serum?

Polyspecific AHG reagent Signup and view all the answers

Antibody Detection in Blood Transfusion

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Questions and Answers

Which type of antibodies are typically responsible for causing decreased survival of RBCs possessing the target antigen?

At what temperature do clinically significant alloantibodies typically react?

In which phase of the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) do clinically significant alloantibodies typically react?

What is performed to determine the specificity of an unexpected antibody detected in the antibody screen?

What can be ascertained once the specificity of an antibody is identified?

Match the following types of antibodies with their descriptions:

Which population group requires antibody screen testing as part of pretransfusion compatibility testing?

What is the purpose of including an antibody screen in standard prenatal testing for obstetric patients?

In what situations may an antibody screen be performed when evaluating the compatibility of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) and bone marrow donors with the intended transplant recipient?

Which method is used to detect clinically significant antibodies in a test tube?

What is the purpose of the immediate spin (IS) phase in the test tube method?

What is the purpose of the 37°C incubation phase in the test tube method?

What does the addition of enhancement reagent in the test tube method do?

When is observation for hemolysis required in the test tube method?

How is agglutination observed in the test tube method?

What is the purpose of the AHG reagent in the test tube method?

What is the concentration range of RBC reagents used in the test tube method?

What is the purpose of the IAT in the test tube method?

What is the purpose of the centrifugation step in the test tube method?

Which type of AHG reagent is not often used when performing antibody detection testing?

Which type of AHG reagent is also called polyvalent or broad spectrum Coombs’ serum?

Which type of AHG reagent contains antibodies to both IgG and complement components?

What is used to control a negative antiglobulin test after adding the AHG reagent?

What does the addition of Coombs’ control cells in a negative antiglobulin test prove?

What should be done if the Coombs’ control cells fail to agglutinate in a negative antiglobulin test?

What is the purpose of the antibody screen in standard prenatal testing for obstetric patients?

What should be done if a tube test is negative after adding the AHG reagent?

What is the purpose of using group O cells in antibody screen testing?

What should be observed for when using a pooled reagent for blood donor antibody screening?

Which antigens should be expressed in the reagent set or pooled reagent used for antibody screen testing?

What is the significance of antibodies that show dosage in antibody screening?

Which antibodies may show dosage and react more strongly with cells having homozygous antigen expression?

Which type of AHG reagent is also known as polyvalent or broad spectrum Coombs’ serum?

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