Blood Groups and Immunology Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the main characteristic that determines a person's blood group in the ABO system?

The presence or absence of specific glycolipid antigens on the surface of red blood cells (correct)

The presence of specific enzymes within the red blood cells

The presence of specific proteins on the surface of red blood cells

The specific type of antibodies present in the plasma

Which blood group is considered the 'universal donor' due to the lack of antigens that could trigger an immune response in the recipient?

A+

O- (correct)

O+

AB+

What is a potential consequence of a mismatch in blood groups during a transfusion?

Increased blood clotting

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity

Destruction of recipient's red blood cells by antibodies (correct)

Increased risk of infection

How are anti-Rhesus antibodies formed in Rh-negative individuals?

They are produced by the immune system in response to exposure to Rh-positive blood. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to lead to the development of haemolytic disease of the newborn?

An Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive baby (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

Ingest and destroy microbes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the process by which neutrophils engulf and destroy microbes?

Phagocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by neutrophils to combat infection?

Release of histamine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group is considered the universal donor?

O- (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about anti-D antibodies?

They can be administered medically to prevent Rh incompatibility. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of blood plasma?

Water (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?

Albumin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient primarily carried by blood plasma serves as a building block for proteins?

Amino acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cations is NOT found in blood plasma?

Iron (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the majority of plasma proteins synthesized?

Liver cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

To transport respiratory gases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of oxygen molecules that one haemoglobin molecule can carry?

4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which components make up adult haemoglobin (HbA)?

Two alpha and two beta subunits (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to erythrocytes as they mature from their immature state?

They lose their nuclei and organelles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes blood to appear red?

The interaction of iron and oxygen within haem units (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of hemoglobin concentration in a healthy pregnant woman?

<blockquote> 11 g/dL (B) </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a general sign or symptom of anemia?

Increased appetite (A) Signup and view all the answers

Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by:

Hypochromic microcytic anemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of iron deficiency anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential sign of iron deficiency anemia that can be observed in the nails?

Koilonychia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does haematopoiesis primarily occur in adults?

Bone marrow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbs is suggested as a natural remedy for iron deficiency anemia?

Yellow dock (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a waste product found in blood plasma?

Glucose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for an abnormally low red blood cell count?

Erythropenia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate lifespan of an erythrocyte?

90-120 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of a natural approach to address iron deficiency anemia?

Antibiotics (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a site of haematopoiesis in the adult body?

Spleen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombin in blood clotting?

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, forming a mesh that traps blood cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a natural anti-coagulant produced by the body?

Warfarin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasmin in the blood clotting process?

Plasmin dissolves fibrin clots by digesting fibrin threads and inactivating clotting factors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of vitamin K₂?

Fermented foods like natto (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an anti-coagulant herb?

Ginger (B) Signup and view all the answers

From what type of cell do thrombocytes (platelets) develop?

Megakaryoblasts (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are thrombocytes produced?

Red bone marrow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of a thrombocyte?

10 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thrombocytes?

Form blood clots and prevent blood loss (C) Signup and view all the answers

What substance is released by activated platelets to initiate clotting?

Thromboxane (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of blood clotting?

Vasoconstriction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate consequence of platelet activation?

Release of clotting factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of monocytes when in tissue?

Engage in phagocytosis and activate other immune cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of action of basophils?

Release histamine and heparin to enhance inflammation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte type is primarily responsible for eliminating parasites?

Eosinophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do T-lymphocytes play in the immune response?

Kill invading pathogens and activate other immune cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte type is NOT phagocytic?

Basophils (D) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Hypoxia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where is bilirubin predominantly formed in the body?

Spleen, bone marrow, and liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of macrophages in the process of haemolysis?

To destroy erythrocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to unconjugated bilirubin in order for it to be effectively excreted?

It must be conjugated in the liver (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of haemolysis in the body?

Formation of bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers