Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the prefix poly?
many
Someone with type A blood can only have what type of blood?
type A or type O
What are three functions of blood?
prevents fluid loss, transports heat, prevents infection
A blood clot that has formed in a blood vessel in the absence of any tissue damage is called a?
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What is the technical term for white blood cell?
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A blood clot that breaks off and travels in the bloodstream is called a?
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Which are causes of cyanosis?
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During blood clot formation, the soluble plasma protein called _____ is converted into an insoluble protein called _____
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If a red blood cell has A antigen and B antigen but no Rh antigen, what is the blood type?
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Indicate four functions of plasma proteins.
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Plasma accounts for about 75% of blood volume.
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When red blood cells lack Rh antigen, the blood type is considered as?
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What are three characteristics of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
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Name the type of formed element that helps repair damaged blood vessels.
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Indicate two characteristics of lymphocytes.
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Cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes are called?
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What is the prefix for large?
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Red blood cells are biconcave in shape. List three advantages that this shape confers upon the RBCs.
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The smallest white blood cells are called the ____, which have a large round nucleus and cytoplasm that lacks granules.
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What is the most abundant solute in plasma?
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What two types of leukocytes are considered agranulocytes?
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The class of blood cells called _____ include lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and _____
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What can be learned from a differential white blood cell count?
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Individuals with type ___ blood make neither A nor B antibodies, so therefore can receive any type of blood for transfusion.
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Indicate three characteristics of platelets.
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What type of blood is a universal donor?
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Patients with type O blood can only receive what type of blood?
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_____ leukemia develops slowly and has a life expectancy of about 3 years if untreated.
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The waste product of urea is?
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The waste product of uric acid is?
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The waste product of creatinine is?
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What are the characteristics of sickle cell disease?
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Name the three main events of hemostasis in order.
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What is the term for a mass of platelets that reduces minor bleeding following an injury?
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A blood clot is based on a mesh framework of the protein?
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Study Notes
Blood Functions and Characteristics
- Blood plays crucial roles: prevents fluid loss, transports heat, and guards against infection.
- Plasma accounts for approximately 55% of blood volume, not 75%.
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) lack mitochondria and are shaped as biconcave discs, enhancing oxygen transport.
Blood Types and Compatibility
- Blood type A can receive type A or type O blood.
- Type AB individuals can receive any blood type (universal recipients) as they produce neither A nor B antibodies.
- Type O is considered universal donor blood, as they can donate to all blood types.
Blood Components and Their Functions
- Plasma proteins maintain blood pH, transport nutrients, regulate osmotic pressure, and balance fluids and electrolytes.
- Leukocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes, and function as the immune system's defenders.
- Platelets, or thrombocytes, are cell fragments vital for repairing damaged blood vessels.
Clotting Mechanisms
- A thrombus is a blood clot formed without tissue damage; it can become an embolus if it dislodges and travels through the bloodstream.
- Blood clot formation involves converting the soluble protein fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin.
White Blood Cell Characteristics
- Lymphocytes, the smallest white blood cells, feature a large round nucleus and lack cytoplasmic granules.
- Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes, making up a significant portion of circulating white blood cells.
Pathophysiology and Conditions
- Cyanosis occurs due to hypoxia and increased deoxyhemoglobin.
- Sickle cell disease arises from a DNA mutation affecting hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, obstructing blood flow in small vessels.
- Chronic leukemia progresses slowly, typically leading to a life expectancy of around three years without treatment.
Hemostasis Process
- Hemostasis comprises three main events: blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation via fibrin mesh development.
- The body uses mass platelets to reduce minor bleeding after injury.
Waste Products of Metabolism
- Urea results from protein catabolism.
- Uric acid is a byproduct of nucleic acid catabolism.
- Creatinine is produced during creatine metabolism.
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Test your knowledge on blood terminology and functions with these flashcards. This quiz covers various aspects of blood, including its types, functions, and related terms. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences!