Blood Flashcards Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the prefix poly?

many

Someone with type A blood can only have what type of blood?

type A or type O

What are three functions of blood?

prevents fluid loss, transports heat, prevents infection

A blood clot that has formed in a blood vessel in the absence of any tissue damage is called a?

thrombus Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical term for white blood cell?

leukocyte Signup and view all the answers

A blood clot that breaks off and travels in the bloodstream is called a?

emboli Signup and view all the answers

Which are causes of cyanosis?

hypoxia and deoxyhemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

During blood clot formation, the soluble plasma protein called _ is converted into an insoluble protein called _

fibrinogen, fibrin Signup and view all the answers

If a red blood cell has A antigen and B antigen but no Rh antigen, what is the blood type?

AB- Signup and view all the answers

Indicate four functions of plasma proteins.

maintenance of blood pH, transport of nutrients, osmotic pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

Plasma accounts for about 75% of blood volume.

False Signup and view all the answers

When red blood cells lack Rh antigen, the blood type is considered as?

Rh negative Signup and view all the answers

What are three characteristics of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

lack mitochondria, are biconcave discs, specialized for carrying oxygen molecules called hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Name the type of formed element that helps repair damaged blood vessels.

platelets Signup and view all the answers

Indicate two characteristics of lymphocytes.

they are agranulocytes, they are the second most common type of leukocytes (account for 25-33% of circulating leukocytes) Signup and view all the answers

Cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes are called?

platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix for large?

macro- Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells are biconcave in shape. List three advantages that this shape confers upon the RBCs.

1: increased surface area for diffusion of gases, 2: cell membrane is close to hemoglobin molecules, 3: cells can readily squeeze through narrow capillaries Signup and view all the answers

The smallest white blood cells are called the ____, which have a large round nucleus and cytoplasm that lacks granules.

lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant solute in plasma?

proteins Signup and view all the answers

What two types of leukocytes are considered agranulocytes?

monocytes, lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

The class of blood cells called _ include lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and _

leukocytes; eosinophils, basophils Signup and view all the answers

What can be learned from a differential white blood cell count?

the ratio and number of leukocytes in each sample Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with type ___ blood make neither A nor B antibodies, so therefore can receive any type of blood for transfusion.

AB Signup and view all the answers

Indicate three characteristics of platelets.

they are less than half the size of a RBC, live for about ten days, they are capable of ameboid movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood is a universal donor?

O Signup and view all the answers

Patients with type O blood can only receive what type of blood?

O Signup and view all the answers

_____ leukemia develops slowly and has a life expectancy of about 3 years if untreated.

Chronic Signup and view all the answers

The waste product of urea is?

protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

The waste product of uric acid is?

nucleic acid catabolism Signup and view all the answers

The waste product of creatinine is?

creatine metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of sickle cell disease?

1: it is caused by a mutation in DNA that codes for hemoglobin, 2: red blood cells elongate into sickle-shaped cells, 3: sickle cells block circulation in small vessels, 4: hemoglobin changes shape under low oxygen conditions Signup and view all the answers

Name the three main events of hemostasis in order.

blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mass of platelets that reduces minor bleeding following an injury?

platelet plug Signup and view all the answers

A blood clot is based on a mesh framework of the protein?

fibrin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Functions and Characteristics

Blood plays crucial roles: prevents fluid loss, transports heat, and guards against infection.
Plasma accounts for approximately 55% of blood volume, not 75%.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) lack mitochondria and are shaped as biconcave discs, enhancing oxygen transport.

Blood Types and Compatibility

Blood type A can receive type A or type O blood.
Type AB individuals can receive any blood type (universal recipients) as they produce neither A nor B antibodies.
Type O is considered universal donor blood, as they can donate to all blood types.

Blood Components and Their Functions

Plasma proteins maintain blood pH, transport nutrients, regulate osmotic pressure, and balance fluids and electrolytes.
Leukocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes, and function as the immune system's defenders.
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are cell fragments vital for repairing damaged blood vessels.

Clotting Mechanisms

A thrombus is a blood clot formed without tissue damage; it can become an embolus if it dislodges and travels through the bloodstream.
Blood clot formation involves converting the soluble protein fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin.

White Blood Cell Characteristics

Lymphocytes, the smallest white blood cells, feature a large round nucleus and lack cytoplasmic granules.
Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes, making up a significant portion of circulating white blood cells.

Pathophysiology and Conditions

Cyanosis occurs due to hypoxia and increased deoxyhemoglobin.
Sickle cell disease arises from a DNA mutation affecting hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, obstructing blood flow in small vessels.
Chronic leukemia progresses slowly, typically leading to a life expectancy of around three years without treatment.

Hemostasis Process

Hemostasis comprises three main events: blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation via fibrin mesh development.
The body uses mass platelets to reduce minor bleeding after injury.

Waste Products of Metabolism

Urea results from protein catabolism.
Uric acid is a byproduct of nucleic acid catabolism.
Creatinine is produced during creatine metabolism.

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Description

Test your knowledge on blood terminology and functions with these flashcards. This quiz covers various aspects of blood, including its types, functions, and related terms. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences!