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Questions and Answers
A patient has a persistent bacterial infection. Which type of leukocyte would you expect to see elevated in a differential white blood cell count?
A patient has a persistent bacterial infection. Which type of leukocyte would you expect to see elevated in a differential white blood cell count?
- Basophils
- Neutrophils (correct)
- Eosinophils
- Platelets
Which of the following is the primary function of erythrocytes?
Which of the following is the primary function of erythrocytes?
- Hemoglobin production and oxygen transport (correct)
- Dampening allergic reactions
- Blood clotting
- Protection against parasitic worms
What is the approximate circulating life span of an erythrocyte?
What is the approximate circulating life span of an erythrocyte?
- ~120 days (correct)
- Varies
- 9 days
- 1-2 days
Following a bee sting, a patient experiences a severe allergic reaction. Which type of leukocyte is likely to be elevated as it works to dampen the allergic response?
Following a bee sting, a patient experiences a severe allergic reaction. Which type of leukocyte is likely to be elevated as it works to dampen the allergic response?
If a patient's blood tests reveal a significantly lower than normal platelet count, which physiological process would be most directly affected?
If a patient's blood tests reveal a significantly lower than normal platelet count, which physiological process would be most directly affected?
Which function of blood is most directly compromised if a patient's kidneys begin to fail?
Which function of blood is most directly compromised if a patient's kidneys begin to fail?
A patient has a decreased production of albumin. Which physiological process is MOST likely to be affected?
A patient has a decreased production of albumin. Which physiological process is MOST likely to be affected?
How would significant damage to the liver MOST directly interfere with blood's protective functions?
How would significant damage to the liver MOST directly interfere with blood's protective functions?
During an infection, the body increases the production of white blood cells. Which of the listed blood functions is MOST directly enhanced by this increase?
During an infection, the body increases the production of white blood cells. Which of the listed blood functions is MOST directly enhanced by this increase?
If a researcher is studying blood viscosity, which component of blood is of GREATEST interest?
If a researcher is studying blood viscosity, which component of blood is of GREATEST interest?
Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
A patient is experiencing edema (swelling) due to fluid accumulation in tissues. Which change in blood composition is MOST likely contributing to this condition?
A patient is experiencing edema (swelling) due to fluid accumulation in tissues. Which change in blood composition is MOST likely contributing to this condition?
Following a car accident, a patient is losing blood rapidly. Which immediate response mediated by the blood is MOST critical to prevent a life-threatening drop in blood pressure?
Following a car accident, a patient is losing blood rapidly. Which immediate response mediated by the blood is MOST critical to prevent a life-threatening drop in blood pressure?
Flashcards
Hematocrit
Hematocrit
The percentage of blood volume made up by red blood cells.
Formed Elements of Blood
Formed Elements of Blood
Cells in blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Blood Plasma
Blood Plasma
Liquid component of blood, mostly water, that carries cells and substances.
Functions of Blood
Functions of Blood
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Transport Function of Blood
Transport Function of Blood
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Role of White Blood Cells
Role of White Blood Cells
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Platelets
Platelets
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ABO Blood Groups
ABO Blood Groups
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Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes
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Leukocytes
Leukocytes
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Neutrophils
Neutrophils
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Eosinophils
Eosinophils
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Study Notes
Blood: The Liquid Tissue
- Blood is a liquid connective tissue, moving through specialized vessels in the body
- Hematology is the study of blood and its functions
- Blood is essential for transporting oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide
- Blood transports nutrients from the digestive system to cells and waste products from cells to excretory systems, like the kidneys
- Blood moves stem cells from bone marrow to other parts of the body
- Blood is involved in inflammation and white blood cells destroy pathogens
Blood Functions
- Transport: Blood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Transport: Blood carries nutrients from the digestive system to cells
- Transport: Blood carries cellular waste products to the excretory systems (e.g., kidneys)
- Transport: Blood moves stem cells from bone marrow to other parts of the body
- Protection: Blood is involved in inflammation
- Protection: White blood cells destroy pathogens
Blood Composition
- Plasma: (92% water): Includes proteins (7%) (albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen) and dissolved solids (1.5%).
- Formed Elements (Blood Cells): Erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells).
Formed Elements: Details
- Erythrocytes: Anucleate biconcave discs, carrying hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
- Platelets: Non-cellular fragments, vital for blood clotting.
- Leukocytes: Large amoeboid cells, crucial for protection against pathogens. Includes neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
Blood Disorders
- Sickle cell anemia: An autosomal recessive disorder where red blood cells have a sickle shape, hindering oxygen transport and causing various symptoms.
Hematocrit
- Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample
- Normal hematocrit values vary by sex
- A low red blood cell count is called anemia
- A person experiencing anemia may have low energy or stamina because of the lack of oxygen being carried to their tissues
Blood Typing
- ABO blood types: A and B antigens on red blood cells react with antibodies, determining compatibility
- Rh factor: Another critical blood type system
- Rh+ cells have the Rh antigen; Rh- cells lack it. Rh incompatibility can cause problems during pregnancy.
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Description
Blood is a connective tissue essential for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste. It also facilitates the movement of stem cells and plays a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms. Hematology is the study of blood and its functions.
