Questions and Answers
In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ___________ because it has living blood cells, called ___________, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___________.
In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ___________ because it has living blood cells, called ___________, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___________.
In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ___________ because it has living blood cells, called ___________, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___________. The 'fibers' of blood only became visible during ___________.
Study Notes
Blood Composition and Classification
- Blood is classified as connective tissue, containing living blood cells known as formed elements suspended in plasma, a nonliving matrix.
- The fibrous components of blood become discernible during clotting.
Blood Cell Types
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) dominate the cell mass during centrifugation, and hematocrit is the measure of their volume in blood.
- Plasma, constituting about 55% of blood volume, is less dense and rises to the top when centrifuged.
- The "buffy coat" of blood, found between plasma and formed elements, consists of leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets.
Blood Volume
- The buffy coat accounts for less than 1% of total blood volume.
- Blood appears scarlet red when rich in oxygen, shifting to a darker hue when oxygen levels are low.
Types of Leukocytes
- Neutrophils are the most abundant granular leukocytes, actively involved in phagocytosis.
- Eosinophils, another type of granular leukocyte, increase in response to parasitic infections.
- Basophils are the least common leukocytes, releasing histamine during inflammatory reactions.
- Monocytes are agranular and increase in prolonged infections, serving as phagocytic cells.
- Lymphocytes, another agranular type, originate from bone marrow and are crucial for immune function.
Platelets
- Platelets are fragmented cells derived from megakaryocytes, which are large bone marrow cells.
Erythropoiesis
- Decreased oxygen in blood triggers the kidneys to release erythropoietin, stimulating red blood cell formation in red bone marrow.
Lifespan and Counts of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes have an average lifespan of 100-200 days.
- The normal red blood cell count is between 4.5-5.5 million cells per cubic millimeter.
- Hematocrit levels in healthy adults range from 42% to 47%.
pH and Blood Volume
- Blood pH is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45, with the kidneys and respiratory system involved in regulation.
- An average adult's cardiovascular system contains approximately 5.5 liters of blood.
Abnormal Conditions
- Leukopenia refers to an abnormal decrease in white blood cell counts, while leukocytosis indicates an increase.
- Anemia, resulting from reduced red blood cell counts, leads to blood becoming less viscous.
Immune Response
- Lymphocytes play a critical role in the immune response, being the only white blood cell type to arise from lymphoid stem cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge of blood and its components with these flashcards from Chapter 10 of Anatomy. Cover key terms like connective tissue, formed elements, and plasma along with their definitions. Perfect for review and reinforcement of concepts!
