Blood Components: Platelets and White Blood Cells
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Blood Components: Platelets and White Blood Cells

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

  • To defend against infection and disease
  • To regulate blood pH and temperature
  • To release chemicals that attract white blood cells to sites of injury (correct)
  • To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
  • Which type of white blood cell primarily combats bacterial infections?

  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • What is the main function of red blood cells?

  • To release chemicals that attract white blood cells to sites of injury
  • To defend against infection and disease
  • To regulate blood pH and temperature
  • To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues (correct)
  • What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal count of platelets per microliter of blood?

    <p>150,000 - 450,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of monocytes?

    <p>To mature into macrophages, which engulf foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of red blood cells?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of plasma?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the approximately 7% proteins present in plasma?

    <p>Maintenance of oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells?

    <p>Biconcave disk shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eosinophils?

    <p>Fighting parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combination of ABO and Rh blood type systems?

    <p>8 possible blood types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrophils?

    <p>Fighting bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of platelets in the blood?

    <p>Blood clotting and hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of blood volume composed of red blood cells?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymphocytes?

    <p>Fighting viral infections and producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of plasma?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of basophils?

    <p>Involved in allergic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Components

    Platelets

    • Also known as thrombocytes
    • Small, irregularly-shaped blood cells
    • Produced in the bone marrow
    • Functions:
      • Blood clotting and hemostasis
      • Release chemicals that attract white blood cells to sites of injury
    • Normal count: 150,000 - 450,000 per microliter of blood

    White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

    • Produced in the bone marrow
    • Part of the immune system
    • Functions:
      • Defend against infection and disease
      • Engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
    • Types:
      • Neutrophils: most abundant, primarily combat bacterial infections
      • Lymphocytes: produce antibodies and provide long-term immunity
      • Monocytes: mature into macrophages, which engulf foreign particles
      • Eosinophils: combat parasitic infections and play role in allergic reactions
      • Basophils: involved in inflammation and allergic responses
    • Normal count: 4,500 - 11,000 per microliter of blood

    Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

    • Produced in the bone marrow
    • Functions:
      • Carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues
      • Carry carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
    • Characteristics:
      • Flexible, disk-shaped cells
      • Contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen
    • Normal count: 4.5 - 5.5 million per microliter of blood
    • Lifespan: approximately 120 days

    Plasma

    • Liquid portion of blood
    • Makes up approximately 55% of total blood volume
    • Composition:
      • 92% water
      • 7% proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen)
      • 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
    • Functions:
      • Transports proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
      • Regulates blood pH and temperature
      • Maintains blood pressure

    Blood Components

    Platelets

    • Also known as thrombocytes, produced in the bone marrow
    • Small, irregularly-shaped blood cells with a normal count of 150,000 - 450,000 per microliter of blood
    • Functions include blood clotting and hemostasis, and releasing chemicals that attract white blood cells to sites of injury

    White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

    • Produced in the bone marrow, part of the immune system
    • Functions include defending against infection and disease, engulfing and digesting foreign particles and bacteria
    • Normal count: 4,500 - 11,000 per microliter of blood
    • Five types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

    Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

    • Produced in the bone marrow, flexible, disk-shaped cells
    • Functions include carrying oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
    • Contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen
    • Normal count: 4.5 - 5.5 million per microliter of blood, with a lifespan of approximately 120 days

    Plasma

    • Liquid portion of blood, making up approximately 55% of total blood volume
    • Composition: 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
    • Functions include transporting proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products, regulating blood pH and temperature, and maintaining blood pressure

    Blood Composition

    • Blood consists of approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

    Plasma

    • Comprises 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
    • Functions include transport of nutrients, hormones, and proteins, regulation of pH and blood pressure, and maintenance of oncotic pressure

    Red Blood Cells (RBCs or Erythrocytes)

    • Characteristics: biconcave disk shape, no nucleus, contains hemoglobin (Hb) for oxygen binding
    • Functions: oxygen transport from lungs to tissues, carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs

    White Blood Cells (WBCs or Leukocytes)

    • Types:
      • Neutrophils (50-70%): fight bacterial infections
      • Lymphocytes (20-40%): fight viral infections and produce antibodies
      • Monocytes (2-8%): mature into macrophages to fight infections
      • Eosinophils (1-3%): fight parasitic infections
      • Basophils (0.5-1%): involved in allergic responses
    • Function: defense against infection and disease

    Platelets (Thrombocytes)

    • Characteristics: small, anucleate cells, release chemical signals to attract WBCs and initiate blood clotting
    • Function: blood clotting and hemostasis

    Blood Types

    • Classified based on ABO blood group system (A, B, AB, O) and Rh blood type system (Rh+, Rh-)
    • Combinations of ABO and Rh blood type result in 8 possible blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-

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    Description

    Learn about the characteristics, functions, and normal count of platelets and white blood cells in the human body.

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