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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
Which type of white blood cell primarily combats bacterial infections?
Which type of white blood cell primarily combats bacterial infections?
What is the main function of red blood cells?
What is the main function of red blood cells?
What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?
What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?
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What is the normal count of platelets per microliter of blood?
What is the normal count of platelets per microliter of blood?
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What is the primary function of monocytes?
What is the primary function of monocytes?
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What is the lifespan of red blood cells?
What is the lifespan of red blood cells?
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What is the main component of plasma?
What is the main component of plasma?
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What is the primary function of the approximately 7% proteins present in plasma?
What is the primary function of the approximately 7% proteins present in plasma?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells?
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What is the primary function of eosinophils?
What is the primary function of eosinophils?
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What is the result of the combination of ABO and Rh blood type systems?
What is the result of the combination of ABO and Rh blood type systems?
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What is the function of neutrophils?
What is the function of neutrophils?
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What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
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What is the approximate percentage of blood volume composed of red blood cells?
What is the approximate percentage of blood volume composed of red blood cells?
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What is the function of lymphocytes?
What is the function of lymphocytes?
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What is the primary component of plasma?
What is the primary component of plasma?
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What is the function of basophils?
What is the function of basophils?
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Study Notes
Blood Components
Platelets
- Also known as thrombocytes
- Small, irregularly-shaped blood cells
- Produced in the bone marrow
- Functions:
- Blood clotting and hemostasis
- Release chemicals that attract white blood cells to sites of injury
- Normal count: 150,000 - 450,000 per microliter of blood
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Produced in the bone marrow
- Part of the immune system
- Functions:
- Defend against infection and disease
- Engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
- Types:
- Neutrophils: most abundant, primarily combat bacterial infections
- Lymphocytes: produce antibodies and provide long-term immunity
- Monocytes: mature into macrophages, which engulf foreign particles
- Eosinophils: combat parasitic infections and play role in allergic reactions
- Basophils: involved in inflammation and allergic responses
- Normal count: 4,500 - 11,000 per microliter of blood
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Produced in the bone marrow
- Functions:
- Carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- Carry carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
- Characteristics:
- Flexible, disk-shaped cells
- Contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen
- Normal count: 4.5 - 5.5 million per microliter of blood
- Lifespan: approximately 120 days
Plasma
- Liquid portion of blood
- Makes up approximately 55% of total blood volume
- Composition:
- 92% water
- 7% proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen)
- 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
- Functions:
- Transports proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
- Regulates blood pH and temperature
- Maintains blood pressure
Blood Components
Platelets
- Also known as thrombocytes, produced in the bone marrow
- Small, irregularly-shaped blood cells with a normal count of 150,000 - 450,000 per microliter of blood
- Functions include blood clotting and hemostasis, and releasing chemicals that attract white blood cells to sites of injury
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Produced in the bone marrow, part of the immune system
- Functions include defending against infection and disease, engulfing and digesting foreign particles and bacteria
- Normal count: 4,500 - 11,000 per microliter of blood
- Five types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Produced in the bone marrow, flexible, disk-shaped cells
- Functions include carrying oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
- Contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen
- Normal count: 4.5 - 5.5 million per microliter of blood, with a lifespan of approximately 120 days
Plasma
- Liquid portion of blood, making up approximately 55% of total blood volume
- Composition: 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
- Functions include transporting proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products, regulating blood pH and temperature, and maintaining blood pressure
Blood Composition
- Blood consists of approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
Plasma
- Comprises 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
- Functions include transport of nutrients, hormones, and proteins, regulation of pH and blood pressure, and maintenance of oncotic pressure
Red Blood Cells (RBCs or Erythrocytes)
- Characteristics: biconcave disk shape, no nucleus, contains hemoglobin (Hb) for oxygen binding
- Functions: oxygen transport from lungs to tissues, carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs
White Blood Cells (WBCs or Leukocytes)
- Types:
- Neutrophils (50-70%): fight bacterial infections
- Lymphocytes (20-40%): fight viral infections and produce antibodies
- Monocytes (2-8%): mature into macrophages to fight infections
- Eosinophils (1-3%): fight parasitic infections
- Basophils (0.5-1%): involved in allergic responses
- Function: defense against infection and disease
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Characteristics: small, anucleate cells, release chemical signals to attract WBCs and initiate blood clotting
- Function: blood clotting and hemostasis
Blood Types
- Classified based on ABO blood group system (A, B, AB, O) and Rh blood type system (Rh+, Rh-)
- Combinations of ABO and Rh blood type result in 8 possible blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-
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Description
Learn about the characteristics, functions, and normal count of platelets and white blood cells in the human body.
