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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of erythrocytes in the body?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
What is the role of thrombocytes in the body?
To prevent bleeding by forming blood clots.
Which protein in red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen?
Haemoglobin.
What is the function of the ventricles in the heart?
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What is the purpose of the pericardium?
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What is the role of the atrioventricular valve?
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What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
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What is the difference between oxyhaemoglobin and carbaminohaemoglobin?
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What is the primary function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?
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What is the term for the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction?
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What is the name of the small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and house lymphocytes?
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What is the term for the process of exhaling air out of the lungs?
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What is the term for the clumping of particles, such as blood cells, often due to an antigen-antibody reaction?
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What is the term for the chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?
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What is the name of the tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air passage to and from the lungs?
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What is the term for the protein produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy pathogens?
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Study Notes
Blood Components
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood, composed mainly of water, proteins, and nutrients, which carries cells and substances throughout the body.
- Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
- Leucocytes, also known as white blood cells, are involved in protecting the body against infections and foreign invaders.
- Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are cell fragments involved in blood clotting to prevent bleeding.
Heart Structure
- The heart has two lower chambers called ventricles, which pump blood out to the lungs and the rest of the body.
- The heart has two upper chambers called atria, which receive blood returning to the heart and transfer it to the ventricles.
- The pericardium is a double-layered membrane surrounding the heart, providing protection and reducing friction during heartbeats.
- The atrioventricular valve is located between the atrium and ventricle of the heart and prevents backflow of blood when the ventricles contract.
- The semilunar valve is located at the exit of each ventricle, preventing backflow of blood into the ventricles after contraction.
Blood Vessels
- Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
- Capillaries are small blood vessels where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occurs between blood and tissues.
Blood and Oxygen
- Oxyhaemoglobin is haemoglobin bound to oxygen, found in oxygen-rich blood.
- Carbaminohaemoglobin is haemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide, found in carbon dioxide-rich blood.
Heart Function
- Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart muscles contract, pumping blood out of the ventricles.
- Diastole is the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart muscles relax and the chambers fill with blood.
- The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in one complete heartbeat, including systole and diastole.
Respiratory System
- Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing.
- Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and house lymphocytes that help in fighting infections.
- Epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the windpipe during swallowing, preventing food and liquid from entering the airways.
- Trachea is the windpipe, a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air passage to and from the lungs.
- Larynx is the voice box, containing the vocal cords and responsible for sound production.
- Bronchioles are small airways in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli.
- Pleural membrane is a double-layered membrane surrounding each lung, providing lubrication and reducing friction during breathing.
- Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and the blood.
- Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and expanding the lungs.
- Inspiration is the process of inhaling air into the lungs.
- Expiration is the process of exhaling air out of the lungs.
- Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by damage to the alveoli, leading to breathing difficulties.
Immune System
- Agglutination is the clumping of particles, such as blood cells, often due to an antigen-antibody reaction.
- Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy pathogens.
- Antigens are substances that trigger an immune response, often by being recognized as foreign by the body.
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Description
Explore the different components of blood, including plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and thrombocytes. Learn about their functions and importance in the human body.
