Blood Banking Quiz: Blood Group Systems

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following antigens are part of the MNS blood group system?

K and k

M and N (correct)

JKb and JKa

Fya and Fyb

What type of antibodies are anti-S and anti-s in the MNS blood group system?

IgM and clinically insignificant

IgA and cause mild reactions

IgG and clinically significant (correct)

IgE and reactive at room temperature

Which blood group system is associated with a higher immunogenicity, second to the Rh antigen?

MNS system

Kell system (correct)

Kidd system

Duffy system

What type of reaction can anti-Fya and anti-Fyb antibodies cause?

HTR and HDN, warm-reacting Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of Duffy blood group individuals in relation to malaria?

They are resistant to specific malaria parasites. Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is the only one that can cross the placenta?

Immunoglobulin G Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibody do Lewis antibodies represent?

Cold reactive IgM antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group system is considered most important for blood transfusion?

ABO blood group system Signup and view all the answers

Anti-I is known to be associated with which characteristic?

It is a cold reactive autoagglutinin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Ii blood group system?

The i antigen is found in almost all individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the anti-P antibody?

It is associated with recurrent abortions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibodies is known to rarely cause hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Anti-i Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal Ig that is made first by B cells when stimulated by an antigen?

Immunoglobulin M Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an antigen?

To elicit an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of sensitization involve?

Binding of antigen and antibody, with or without agglutination Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature do warm reacting antibodies exhibit optimal agglutination?

37°C Signup and view all the answers

Which Ig class is associated with the first response to a new infection?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cold reacting antibodies?

Best agglutination observed at or below room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the grading system for agglutination used by the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)?

Grades 1+ to 4+ Signup and view all the answers

Which antigen-antibody interaction leads to the destruction of red blood cells?

Hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cold reacting antibodies?

They are clinically significant antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Banking: Other Blood Group Systems

Antigen: A substance that elicits an immune response.
Antibody: An immunoglobulin produced by the immune system that binds to antigens.
Sensitization: Binding of antigen and antibody, with or without agglutination.
Agglutination: Clumping of red blood cells caused by the binding of antibody to antigen on the cell surface.

Cold and Warm Reacting Antibodies

Cold Reacting Antibodies: Bind best at or below room temperature.
Warm Reacting Antibodies: Bind best at 37°C (body temperature).

Grades of Agglutination

4+: One solid aggregate of red blood cells.
3+: Several large aggregates.
2+: Medium sized aggregates with a clear background.
1+: Small aggregates with a turbid background giving a granular appearance.
Weak (w): Tiny aggregates seen only under microscope.
Negative: All cells are free.

Immunoglobulin Classes

IgG: Gamma heavy chains, major serum and extravascular space immunoglobulin, the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta.
IgM: Mu heavy chains, third most common serum immunoglobulin, the first immunoglobulin made by the fetus and by B cells when stimulated by antigen.
IgA: Alpha heavy chains.
IgD: Delta heavy chains.
IgE: Epsilon heavy chains.

Other Blood Group Systems

Lewis System:
- Antigens: Lea and Leb
- Antibodies: Cold-reacting, IgM, bind complement, no clinical significance.
- Antibodies can be neutralized by the Lewis antigens in donor plasma.
- Transfused red cells acquire the Lewis phenotype of the recipient.
- Do not cause HDN (do not cross the placenta).
Ii System:
- Antigens: I antigen present on almost all red cells, i antigen can be present in the absence of I.
- Antibodies:
  - Anti-i: Cold-reactive IgM, binds complement, rarely causes HTR.
  - Anti-I: Cold-reactive autoagglutinin, clinically insignificant.
P System:
- Antigens: P1 and P
- Antibodies:
  - Anti-P1: Cold-reactive IgM, clinically insignificant.
  - Anti-P: Reacts best at room temperature (IgG), associated with recurrent abortions, can cause HTR.
MNSs System:
- Antigens: M, N, S, and s.
- Antibodies:
  - Anti-M and Anti-N: IgM, clinically insignificant, react at room temperature.
  - Anti-S and Anti-s: Clinically significant, IgG, can cause RBC destruction (HTR) and HDN (warm reacting).
Kell System:
- Antigens: K and k
- Antibodies:
  - IgG, produced after an immune response (transfusion or pregnancy).
  - Clinically significant.
Kidd System:
- Antigens: JKa and JKb
- Antibodies:
  - Anti-JKa and Anti-JKb: IgG, mild HDN and delayed HTR.
Duffy System:
- Antigens: Fya and Fyb
- Antibodies:
  - Anti-Fya and Anti-Fyb: Warm reacting, can cause HTR and HDN.
- Association with Malaria: Duffy negative individuals are resistant to a West African malaria parasite.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various blood group systems, including antigen-antibody reactions, agglutination grades, and the differences between cold and warm reacting antibodies. This quiz covers essential concepts in blood banking and immunoglobulin classes.