Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine Objectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ABO system in transfusion medicine?

To determine the presence of A and B antibodies in blood serum

To classify blood into four major groups based on antigen presence (correct)

To manage blood donations and laboratory testing

To detect the presence of transfusion-transmitted diseases

What kind of antibodies are naturally occurring in the majority of individuals without previous RBC exposure?

Anti-A and anti-B

Anti-A,B and anti-AB

Reciprocal antibodies (correct)

Immunoglobulins

What is the field of study that focuses on antigen-antibody reactions as they relate to blood disorders?

Immunohematology (correct)

Hematology

Transfusion medicine

Immunology

What is the term for the relationship between ABO antibodies and antigens, where healthy individuals develop antibodies to absent antigens?

Reciprocal relationship Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of ABO antibodies?

Anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substances that the immune system recognizes as foreign and that can elicit an immune response?

Antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary immune responses in terms of antibody production?

The speed of antibody production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IgG antibodies in relation to the placenta?

To cross the placenta and provide immune protection to the newborn Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sensitization in the first stage of agglutination?

Ag-Ab complex held together by weak non-covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgM antibodies in the secondary immune response?

To rapidly produce antibodies after exposure to the same antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the endpoint of most serological tests?

Agglutination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between IgG-mediated and IgM-mediated agglutination?

The type of antibody involved Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of transfusing packed RBCs?

To provide oxygen carrying capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dextrose component in CPD?

To produce ATP in red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of citrate in CPD?

To stabilize phosphate and maintain proper pH levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum weight requirement for a blood donor?

110 lbs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for deferred donors?

Donated blood in the last 56 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage temperature for frozen plasma/FFP?

-18 to -30°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary antibody responsible for agglutination in Group O individuals?

A combination of IgM and IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for ABO antibody titers to peak?

5-10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for antibodies produced in response to environmental antigens during infancy?

Naturally-occurring antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reverse grouping in ABO typing?

To detect the presence of ABO antibodies in the patient's plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the grading of agglutination reaction characterized by a single clump of agglutination with no free cells?

4+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of ABO typing that uses murine monoclonal anti-A and anti-B reagents?

Forward grouping Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of individuals with blood type O in the Asian population according to the distribution of ABO groups in the US?

28 Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not possible to assume the genotype from the phenotype in group A or B?

Because A and B are co-dominant alleles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why individuals who lack the D antigen do not naturally produce anti-D?

The production of anti-D requires exposure to the antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the RH antigen in transfusion medicine?

It is the second most important blood group system after ABO Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic makeup of an individual with a group O phenotype?

Homozygous with two recessive alleles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of typing for the D antigen in individuals?

To ensure the individual receives compatible blood products Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ABO Blood Group System

ABO blood group system is the most important blood group system in transfusion medicine
ABO antibodies are naturally occurring and stimulate an immune response in individuals without prior RBC exposure
There are three types of ABO antibodies: Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-A,B
ABO blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs

ABO Antibodies

ABO antibodies are immunoglobulins produced in response to foreign antigen exposure
There are two types of ABO antibodies: naturally occurring and immune
Naturally occurring ABO antibodies are produced without prior RBC exposure, while immune ABO antibodies are produced after exposure to A or B antigens
IgM is the predominant antibody in Group A and B individuals, while IgG is the predominant antibody in Group O individuals

ABO Typing

ABO typing is performed on all donors and patients to ensure compatibility
Two methods are used for ABO typing: tube method and gel method
Tube method involves mixing RBCs with anti-A and anti-B reagents, while gel method uses a gel card with anti-A and anti-B reagents
Grading of agglutination reactions is used to determine the strength of the reaction

RH Blood Group System

RH blood group system is the next important blood group system after ABO
RH antigen is present or absent on the surface of RBCs
Individuals who lack the RH antigen do not naturally produce Anti-D, but will produce it after exposure to the antigen
RH typing is performed to ensure compatibility in transfusions

Transfusion Medicine

Transfusion medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with all aspects of transfusion of blood and blood components
It includes issues of blood donations, immunohematology, and laboratory testing for transfusion-transmitted diseases
Laboratory management and understanding of state and federal regulations related to blood products are also part of the field

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Description

Test your knowledge of blood bank immunohematology and transfusion medicine. Learn about blood components, antigen and antibody, ABO Rh typing, and more. Identify the objectives of transfusing blood components and understand the importance of blood donation.