Blood Bank Quiz I - Blood Groups and Transfusion
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Questions and Answers

Which of these are considered "Warm Reactive-Cold Reactive" in Blood Bank?

  • IgG
  • both IgG and IgM (correct)
  • IgM

According to the "Enzyme Classification" table, the Lutheran System is associated with enhancement of antibodies.

False (B)

What is the primary function of lectins?

Seed/plant extracts react with certain red blood cell antigens.

The ______ test demonstrates in vitro red blood cell coating with an antibody or complement.

<p>Indirect Antiglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ABO blood group with the antibodies present in the blood.

<p>Group A = Anti-B Group B = Anti-A Group AB = None Group O = Anti-A and Anti-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anti-human globulin (AHG) phase in blood bank testing?

<p>To detect red blood cells coated with IgG or IgM antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages involved in agglutination, the primary reaction we look for in blood banking?

<p>Coating of cells (sensitization) and Formation of bridges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the agglutination technology (Gel testing) and Solid-Phase Red Cell Adherence Testing in blood banking?

<p>In Gel testing, Anti-IgG grabs onto IgG-coated red blood cells and inhibits their migration through a gel. In Solid-Phase Red Cell Adherence Testing, the antibody binds to manufactured or intact red blood cell antigens that are bound by manufacturers to the bottom of a microwell. The red blood cells are incubated with patient plasma for a certain amount of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemolysis is the direct lysis of a red blood cell due to antibody coating.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a "tube testing" procedure?

<p>To detect red blood cell antibody reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Tube Testing method can be used in both immediate spin and Column Agglutination Technology (Gel testing).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in blood banking between IgG and IgM?

<p>IgM is better because of its pentameric structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Agglutination

Clumping of red blood cells due to antibody coating. The main reaction looked for in blood banking.

Sensitization

The process of an antibody attaching to its specific antigen on a red blood cell.

Potentiator

A substance added to enhance the binding of antibodies to red blood cells. It can increase the sensitivity of the test.

Hemolysis

Direct lysis of a red blood cell due to antibody coating. Uncommon, but equal to agglutination. Requires complement fixation.

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Immediate Spin Phase

A test where serum and red blood cells are mixed and spun to observe agglutination. Most common: 2 drops serum, 1 drop RBCs.

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37°C Phase

A test involving a 37°C incubation to allow for antibody-antigen binding, followed by a spin to observe agglutination.

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Antiglobulin (AHG) Phase

A test that uses anti-human globulin (AHG) to detect red blood cells coated with antibodies. It's a two-step process.

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Column Agglutination Technology

Column Agglutination Technology (Gel Testing) - a test that separates red blood cells by density and agglutination through a gel matrix.

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Solid-Phase Red Cell Adherence Testing

Solid-Phase Red Cell Adherence Testing, a test conducted in tiny wells coated with red cell antigens to detect patient antibodies.

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Antiglobulin Test

The Antiglobulin Test (Coombs Test) - a test used to detect red blood cells coated with antibodies or complement.

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Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)

A variation of the Antiglobulin test where known red blood cells with specific antigens are used to detect antibodies in the patient's serum.

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Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

A variation of the Antiglobulin test where known antibodies are used to detect antigens on the patient's red blood cells.

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Dosage

The phenomenon where some antibodies react more strongly with red blood cells that have homozygous gene expression for a particular antigen.

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Enzymes

Proteolytic enzymes (e.g., ficin, papain) that can enhance antigen expression or allow antibodies to bind better to previously shielded antigens.

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Neutralization

Substances that inhibit the activity of a specific antibody by binding to it.

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Lectins

Seed/plant extracts that react with certain red blood cell antigens. Useful in polyagglutination.

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Blood Group Antigen

A protein, glycoprotein or glycolipid on RBCs that is detected by an alloantibody.

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Blood Group System

A group of blood group antigens that are genetically linked.

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Significant Antibody

An antibody that causes hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).

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Insignificant Antibody

An antibody that does not cause hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).

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ABO Blood Group System

The blood group system based on the presence or absence of the A, B, and H antigens.

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H gene

The gene responsible for the production of H antigen.

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Se gene

The gene responsible for the production of A or B antigens in secretions.

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Bombay Phenotype

A person who has a lack of H, A, and B antigens due to the absence of the H and Se genes.

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Para-Bombay Phenotype

A person who has a partial expression of A or B antigens due to a deficiency in H antigen production.

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B(A) phenotype

A person who has weak A activity but has B antigens in their red blood cells.

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Acquired B phenotype

An abnormal expression of B antigen in red blood cells due to bacterial enzymes.

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Lewis System

The blood group system based on the presence or absence of Lewis antigens, which are adsorbed onto red blood cells.

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I Blood Group System

The blood group system based on the presence or absence of I and i antigens, which are determined by branching patterns on red blood cell glycolipids.

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P Blood Group System

The blood group system based on the presence or absence of P1 antigen.

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Rh Blood Group System

The most important blood group system after ABO.

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Study Notes

Blood Bank I

  • Blood Bank I, Blood Groups
  • Blood Bank II, Transfusion and Autologous Blood
  • Blood Bank III, Component Therapy
  • Blood Bank IV, Transfusion Complications
  • Infections (Transfusion-transmitted Diseases)
  • Management of specific clinical situations
  • Calculations, Antibody ID and no-pressure sample questions

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Description

Test your knowledge on Blood Bank concepts including blood groups, transfusion practices, and component therapy. This quiz covers essential topics such as transfusion complications, infections, and antibody identification. Prepare to assess your understanding of blood management in clinical situations.

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