24 Questions
What is the current status of Transfusion Medicine in India?
Transfusion Medicine has evolved into a medical specialty with more than 50 medical institutions offering post graduate courses in Transfusion Medicine.
What is the role of Blood Transfusion Services in managing donors?
Blood Transfusion Services play an important role in managing donors who are identified to be sero-reactive, thus contributing to limiting infections across the nation.
What is the purpose of the Hemovigilance Programme of India?
The Hemovigilance Programme of India monitors both recipient and donor adverse reactions, thus increasing both patient and donor safety.
What is the primary focus of quality assessment review in blood transfusion services?
To evaluate the effectiveness of quality control measures
What is the relationship between BTS and ICTCs?
BTS collaborates with ICTCs for early identification and appropriate management of TTIs.
What is the role of NBTC?
The mandate of NBTC includes ensuring blood safety and managing blood transfusion services in India.
What is the main goal of quality control of reagents in blood transfusion?
To ensure the reliability and consistency of test results
What is the primary purpose of fractionation of plasma?
To separate and purify different components of plasma for therapeutic use
What is the significance of the Organogram of BTS/NBTC?
The Organogram of BTS/NBTC shows the structural organization of blood transfusion services in India, highlighting the roles and relationships between different entities.
What is the primary concern in ensuring the quality and safety of plasma products?
To prevent the transmission of viral and bacterial infections
What is the role of the Governing Body, Technical Resource Group, and Standing Committee in BTS?
The Governing Body, Technical Resource Group, and Standing Committee provide technical expertise and oversight to ensure the effective functioning of BTS.
What is the primary aim of virus inactivation process in plasma-derived medicinal products?
To inactivate viral contaminants and ensure product safety
What is the significance of State Transfusion Core Coordination Committee in BTS?
The State Transfusion Core Coordination Committee coordinates and oversees blood transfusion services at the state level.
What is convalescent plasma therapy, and what is its potential use?
Convalescent plasma therapy is the use of plasma from recovered patients to treat infectious diseases, and its potential use is in the treatment of infectious disorders
What are the challenges of convalescent plasma therapy?
The challenges include ensuring plasma safety, standardizing plasma collection and processing, and scaling up production
What is the significance of plasma fractionation in India?
Plasma fractionation is essential for self-sufficiency in plasma-derived medicinal products in India
What are the four key elements that BTS must ensure to provide blood/components for transfusion?
Available, Accessible, Affordable, and Safe
What is the primary source of blood donation in the ideal blood collection system?
Regular, repeat, non-remunerated voluntary blood donors
What is the purpose of pre-donation counselling and deferral of people with 'risk behaviour'?
To ensure safe donor selection and reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections
What quality standards are essential for ensuring the safety of blood/components?
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)
What is the primary purpose of haemovigilance in transfusion medicine?
To track donor and transfusion-related adverse reactions
What was the main limitation of blood centres in India prior to 1992?
Fragmented management and lack of common standards
What was the primary source of blood donation in India prior to 1992?
Paid donors
What is the significance of licensing for blood centres?
It ensures that blood centres operate according to standardized quality and safety norms
Study Notes
Transfusion Medicine Evolution
- Transfusion Medicine has evolved into a medical specialty over the last two decades, with over 50 medical institutions offering post-graduate courses (MD, DNB, and Diploma) in Transfusion Medicine.
Blood Transfusion Services in India
- Blood transfusion services play a crucial role in managing donors who are identified to be sero-reactive, contributing to limiting transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) across the nation.
- The National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC) collaborates with ICTCs and the National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme for early identification and management of TTIs.
Organogram of Blood Transfusion Services in India
- The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees the National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC) and the Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) Division.
- The BTS Division has a Governing Body, Technical Resource Group, and Standing Committee.
- The State Transfusion Core Coordination Committee and Blood Safety Division of SACS are also involved.
Mandate of NBTC
- Ensure that blood/components are:
- Available (adequate blood collection to fulfill need)
- Accessible (enough reach where it is needed)
- Affordable (at reasonable costs)
- Safe (not cause harm, especially TTIs)
- Standard quality (provide clinical gain)
Ensuring Safety of Blood Used for Transfusion
- Safe donor:
- Blood collection from regular, repeat, non-remunerated voluntary blood donors
- Pre-donation counseling and deferral of people with “risk behavior”
- Safe blood/components:
- Quality in testing and processing (Good Laboratory Practice and Good Manufacturing Practice)
- Sensitive screening for TTIs
- Blood component separation
- Proper storage
- Safe transfusion:
- Optimum and appropriate transfusion practice using components
- Proper bedside practices
- Haemovigilance:
- A look-back system to track donor and transfusion-related adverse reactions
Historical Perspective
- Blood centers were under the mandate of Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Emergency Medical Relief (EMR) division up to 1992.
- Blood centers operated without a common standard, with variable quality and fragmented management.
- Paid donors were the main source of blood collection, and relatives and friends of patients were coerced to donate blood.
This quiz covers the evolution of Transfusion Medicine as a medical specialty and its role in managing blood transfusion services, including donor management.
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