Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Study
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) per 100,000 live births?

211 deaths per 100,000 live births.

What percentage of pregnant women in the study were found to be well-prepared for birth and complication readiness?

60.3%

Which regions account for approximately 66% and 20% of global maternal deaths?

Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for approximately 66%, while Southern Asia accounts for about 20%.

List two factors that were significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness according to the study.

<p>Decision-making with husbands and lack of awareness about birth preparedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Ethiopia's maternal mortality rate in 2017?

<p>401 deaths per 100,000 live births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to select participants for the study?

<p>Systematic random sampling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two major causes of maternal mortality mentioned in the content.

<p>Haemorrhage and hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) important?

<p>BPCR encourages proactive planning and decision-making during pregnancy and childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of maternal deaths in developing countries is attributed to haemorrhage?

<p>27.1%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does family size play in birth preparedness according to the study's findings?

<p>Family size showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.18, indicating a significant negative association with BPCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in Ethiopia utilizes BPCR practices?

<p>32%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the study participants were aged 20-29 years?

<p>53.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Highlight the significance of participating in pregnant women's conferences as found in the study.

<p>Participation in conferences was associated with a higher level of BPCR, with an AOR of 0.50.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2016 EDHS, what were the neonatal mortality rates in Ethiopia?

<p>29 deaths per 1,000 live births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many women reported having a family size of fewer than three?

<p>68.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifetime risk of maternal death in Ethiopia?

<p>1 in 55.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statistical significance level was used to determine the results in this study?

<p>A p-value of 0.05.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of women had no report of stillbirths?

<p>74.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study, what is a recommended action to improve birth preparedness?

<p>Strengthening pregnant women's conferences and encouraging husband involvement in decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ANC follow-up rate among women in the study?

<p>70.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many respondents were well-prepared for birth, according to the study?

<p>60.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women planned to save money for childbirth?

<p>74.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the mode of transport planned by more than half of the respondents for emergencies?

<p>Ambulance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women started their ANC at greater than 16 weeks of gestation?

<p>37.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the sample size of 410 participants achieved in the study?

<p>The sample size was achieved by selecting individual participants using a systematic random sampling technique, interviewing every third client exiting each facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria were used to classify a woman as 'well prepared' for childbirth?

<p>A woman was classified as 'well prepared' if she had prepared for four or more components related to childbirth preparedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key elements used to assess women's preparedness for childbirth?

<p>The six key elements included choosing a place of delivery, planning for a skilled birth attendant, arranging transport, saving money, preparing a blood donor, and identifying a designated decision-maker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What language was the questionnaire translated into for the study participants?

<p>The questionnaire was translated into Afan Oromo, the local language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the questionnaires pretested before the main data collection?

<p>The questionnaires were pretested on 5% of the sample size to ensure clarity and consistency of the questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who collected the data, and how was the process monitored?

<p>The data was collected by five diploma-level clinical nurses, and supervisors closely monitored the data collection process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a woman's knowledge about danger signs during pregnancy?

<p>A woman is considered knowledgeable if she can mention at least four key danger signs associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the study define 'not well prepared' women in terms of childbirth preparedness?

<p>Women are classified as 'not well prepared' if they have prepared for fewer than four components of childbirth preparedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women planned to be blood donors?

<p>25.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which obstetric complication was most reported by respondents?

<p>Excessive vaginal bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most known danger signs during pregnancy according to the respondents?

<p>Severe vaginal bleeding and blurred vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases the likelihood of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR)?

<p>Deciding to seek health services with husbands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many women participated in pregnant women's conferences?

<p>226 women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of women knowledgeable about postpartum danger signs?

<p>8.1%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the finding related to family size and BPCR readiness?

<p>Women with three or more family members were 82% less likely to be prepared for BPCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During labour, what proportion of respondents mentioned severe vaginal bleeding as a danger sign?

<p>57.1%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women in Chelia District were well-prepared for BPCR?

<p>60.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much more likely are women who heard about birth preparedness to be prepared for BPCR compared to those who did not?

<p>Women who heard about birth preparedness are 70% more likely to be prepared for BPCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for mothers who did not know about the presence of waiting homes at health facilities in relation to BPCR preparation?

<p>The AOR is 0.31.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What previous study findings does the BPCR preparedness level in Chelia District compare to?

<p>It is similar to Ambajogai, India (55.83%) and Bamenda, Cameroon (65%).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What discrepancy was noted regarding family size and BPCR preparation compared to the Vajira, Thailand study?

<p>In Chelia District, larger family sizes were linked to lower BPCR preparation, while in Vajira, larger families were more likely to be prepared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does participation in pregnant women's conferences have on BPCR preparation?

<p>Women who did not participate were 50% less likely to prepare for BPCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parity influence a woman’s preparedness for BPCR according to the study?

<p>Women with less than or equal to 2 parities were 68% less likely to be prepared compared to those with three or more parities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does decision-making with husbands play in BPCR preparation?

<p>Women making decisions with their husbands were more likely to be prepared for BPCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in a given population.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) Plans

A set of actions and services designed to prevent and manage complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

Haemorrhage

A significant contributor to maternal mortality, it occurs when a woman loses a large amount of blood during or after childbirth.

Hypertension

A risk factor for maternal mortality, it can cause complications like preeclampsia and eclampsia.

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Sepsis

A life-threatening infection that can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period.

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Abortion outcomes

A major cause of maternal mortality, it can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period.

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Embolism

A major cause of maternal mortality, it can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period.

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Other direct causes

A significant contributor to maternal mortality, it includes complications like heart attack and stroke.

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What is Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR)?

Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) refers to a woman's plan and resources to manage pregnancy and childbirth complications.

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What was the objective of the study?

A study that examines the BPCR status of pregnant women in Chelia District, Ethiopia.

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Who participated in the study?

The study involved 406 pregnant women from public health facilities in Chelia District.

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What is a facility-based cross-sectional study?

A method of data collection where information is obtained from individuals at a specific location, in this case, health facilities.

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What are frequencies in statistics?

A statistical measure that indicates how often a specific event occurs.

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What factors are associated with BPCR?

Family size, husband involvement in decision-making, awareness of maternity waiting homes, participation in pregnancy conferences, knowledge about BPCR, and parity.

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What is a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis?

A statistical analysis that examines the association between two or more variables.

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What are odds ratios (OR)?

A measure of the strength of association between two variables.

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Systematic random sampling

A method used to choose study participants where every nth individual is selected from a population.

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Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Tool

A questionnaire used to assess a woman's knowledge and preparedness for pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum complications.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness

The actions and planning undertaken to ensure the safety of mothers and newborns during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

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Well-prepared woman

A woman who has prepared for at least four out of six key elements for a safe pregnancy and delivery.

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Not well-prepared woman

A woman who has prepared for fewer than four out of six key elements for a safe pregnancy and delivery.

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Knowledge of danger signs

The knowledge of warning signs during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period.

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Knowledgeable woman

A woman who can identify at least four key warning signs during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

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Back translation

The use of multiple languages to ensure the accuracy of translation.

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Average age of participants

The average age of participants was 27 years, with a standard deviation of 5.4.

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Marital status of participants

The majority of the participants were married, with 98.5% of the 400 women in the study being married.

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Education level of participants

A significant portion of the participants had not attended formal education, with 38.9% of the women having no formal education.

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Family size of participants

The majority of the women in the study, 68.5% with a family size of fewer than 3 individuals, had smaller families.

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Prenatal care (ANC) utilization

Almost 71% of the women (288 out of 406) had prenatal care (ANC) follow-up, which is a crucial aspect of prenatal health.

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Number of live births

More than half of the respondents (53.9%) had experienced two or more live births, indicating a significant proportion of multiparous women.

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Abortion experience

A significant proportion of the participants (72.2%) reported having no abortions, highlighting the prevalence of non-abortion experiences.

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Birth preparedness level

A majority of the pregnant women in the study (60.3%) felt well-prepared for childbirth, highlighting the importance of birth preparedness programs.

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Obstetric Complications

A condition that occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period, that can potentially threaten the health of the mother or baby.

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Obstetric Danger Sign

A sign or symptom that indicates a possible serious medical problem during pregnancy, labor, or the postpartum period.

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Severe Vaginal Bleeding

Excessive bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy, labor, or the postpartum period.

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Prolonged Labor

Labor that lasts longer than expected, potentially leading to complications for the mother or baby.

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Mal-presentation

A situation where the baby's position in the womb is not optimal for a vaginal birth.

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Fetal Death

The death of a fetus before birth.

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Retained Placenta

A condition where the placenta remains attached to the wall of the uterus after the baby is born.

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Maternity Waiting Home

A facility in the hospital where pregnant women can stay close to medical care during the final weeks of pregnancy, especially if they live far from the hospital.

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Birth preparedness knowledge and readiness for complications

Women who had knowledge of birth preparedness were more likely to be prepared for potential birth complications than those who did not receive such information.

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Family size and BPCR preparedness

Mothers with fewer children were more likely to be prepared for birth complications than mothers with larger families.

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Participation in prenatal conferences and BPCR

Women who participated in pregnant women's conferences were more likely to be prepared for birth complications compared to those who did not.

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Shared decision-making and BPCR

Women who made decisions about their healthcare with their husbands were more likely to be prepared for birth complications.

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Awareness of waiting homes and BPCR

Mothers who knew about waiting homes at health facilities were better prepared for birth complications.

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BPCR preparedness: Chelia vs. Other regions

The proportion of women prepared for BPCR in Chelia district is similar to other areas but varies in comparison to other regions.

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Parity and BPCR preparedness

Women who had three or more children were less likely to be prepared for birth complications compared to those with fewer children.

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BPCR preparedness in Chelia District

The study found that 60.3% of women in Chelia District, Ethiopia, were well-prepared for BPCR.

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Study Notes

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in Chelia District, Ethiopia

  • Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) are crucial for maternal health, encouraging proactive planning during pregnancy and childbirth. Limited information exists regarding BPCR in the study area. The study investigated BPCR practices among pregnant women.

  • Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at public health facilities in Chelia District, Ethiopia. A total of 406 pregnant women participated (99% response rate). Systematic random sampling was employed. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses, evaluated relationships between variables.

  • Results: 60.3% of respondents were well-prepared for birth and complications. Factors significantly associated with BPCR included:

    • Family size: Smaller families were more likely to be prepared.
    • Husband involvement: Joint decision-making with husbands was associated with higher BPCR.
    • Parity: Lower parity was significantly associated with lower BPCR.
    • Awareness: Lack of awareness about BPCR was associated with lower BPCR
    • Waiting homes: Pregnant women who were unaware of maternity waiting homes were less likely to be prepared.
    • Conferences: Women who did not participate in pregnant women's conferences showed lower BPCR.

  • Conclusions: BPCR levels were low in the study area. Factors like family size, husband involvement, awareness, parity, maternity waiting homes, and participation in women's conferences were significant associated factors. Strengthening pregnant women's conferences, encouraging husband involvement, and ensuring maternity waiting homes are crucial for improving BPCR.

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Birth Preparedness in Ethiopia (2022) PDF

Description

This study focuses on birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) among pregnant women in Chelia District, Ethiopia. It highlights critical factors influencing BPCR practices, including family size and husband involvement in decision-making. The research addresses the need for enhanced maternal health planning strategies in the region.

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