Bipolar I Disorder

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a bipolar disorder episode that is not severe enough to cause marked impairment?

Psychotic features are present

Hospitalization is required

No marked impairment in social or occupational functioning (correct)

Only observable by the individual

What is the increased risk of developing bipolar disorder among adult relatives of individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?

20-fold

15-fold

10-fold (correct)

5-fold

Which neurotransmitter was NOT found to guide the episode switching process in bipolar disorder?

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Serotonin

Insulin (correct)

What is the primary challenge in treating bipolar disorder with lithium?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in prevalence of bipolar disorder between females and males?

Equally affects females and males Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of experience with lithium in treating bipolar disorder?

Over 60 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the 12-month prevalence of Bipolar I disorder across 11 countries?

Between 0% to 0.6% Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of females with Bipolar I disorder?

They have a higher lifetime risk of alcohol use disorder than males Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of onset for Bipolar I disorder?

Early adulthood, around 18 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is a specifier for Bipolar I disorder?

With anxious distress Signup and view all the answers

What is a social factor that increases the risk of Bipolar I disorder?

Being separated, divorced, or widowed Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Bipolar II disorder?

At least one episode of major depression and one episode of hypomania Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the text mention the onset of Bipolar II disorder?

Mid 20s Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of individuals with Bipolar II disorder eventually experience a full manic episode?

None Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is slightly more commonly diagnosed with Bipolar II disorder?

Women Signup and view all the answers

What is the worldwide 12-month prevalence of Bipolar II disorder?

0.3% Signup and view all the answers

How do the onset ages of Bipolar II and Bipolar I disorders compare?

Bipolar II onset is later Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Bipolar II disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder based on DSM V criteria?

Bipolar II disorder has shorter symptom-free periods Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder

Excessive involvement in high-risk activities, such as buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments, with a potential for painful consequences.
Observable mood disturbances and changes in functioning by others.

Etiology of Bipolar Disorder

Genetic factors: 10-fold increased risk among adult relatives of individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders.
Shared genetic origin with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
Affects both females and males equally.

Neuroscience

Disturbances in the brain reward-system.
Changes in brain activity during episode swings.
Neurotransmitters involved in episode switching: dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine.

Treatment

Pharmacotherapy: valproic acid and lithium, with over 60 years of experience in treating bipolar disorder.
Challenges in treatment: monitoring Li levels, overdose risk, and risk of medication interactions.

12-month prevalence: 0% to 0.6% across 11 countries, with the highest in the US.
Gender difference: lifetime male-to-female ratio is 1.1:1.
Females are more likely to experience rapid cycling and mixed states, and have a higher lifetime risk of alcohol use disorder.
Mean age at onset: early adulthood, around 18 years old, but late onsets are also possible.

More common in high-income countries.
Marital status: separated, divorced, or widowed individuals are more at risk.
15 times higher risk of suicidal behavior compared to the general population.
30% severe impairment in work functioning.

Bipolar II Disorder

Lifetime and recurrent, with at least 1 episode of major depression and at least 1 hypomanic episode.
No manic episodes.
Creativity may be present in milder cases during hypomanic episodes.
Worldwide 12-month prevalence: 0.3%.
Onset in mid 20s, with earlier onset indicating a more severe course.
Gender differences: slightly more commonly diagnosed in women due to depressive episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance for at least 2 years.
Numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms.
Symptoms are insufficient to meet full criteria for a hypomanic or major depressive episode.
Symptoms-free periods do not last longer than 2 months at a time.
Not caused by a substance or medical condition.
Leading to distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Bipolar I Disorder according to the DSM V (APA, 2013), covering specifiers like anxious distress, mixed features, rapid cycling, and more. Explore prevalence rates, gender differences, and other important facts from Bonsall et al. 2011.

Bipolar I Disorder - DSM V Facts