Bipolar I Disorder - DSM V Facts
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a bipolar disorder episode that is not severe enough to cause marked impairment?

  • Psychotic features are present
  • Hospitalization is required
  • No marked impairment in social or occupational functioning (correct)
  • Only observable by the individual
  • What is the increased risk of developing bipolar disorder among adult relatives of individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?

  • 20-fold
  • 15-fold
  • 10-fold (correct)
  • 5-fold
  • Which neurotransmitter was NOT found to guide the episode switching process in bipolar disorder?

  • Norepinephrine
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Insulin (correct)
  • What is the primary challenge in treating bipolar disorder with lithium?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in prevalence of bipolar disorder between females and males?

    <p>Equally affects females and males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of experience with lithium in treating bipolar disorder?

    <p>Over 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 12-month prevalence of Bipolar I disorder across 11 countries?

    <p>Between 0% to 0.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of females with Bipolar I disorder?

    <p>They have a higher lifetime risk of alcohol use disorder than males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age of onset for Bipolar I disorder?

    <p>Early adulthood, around 18 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specifier for Bipolar I disorder?

    <p>With anxious distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a social factor that increases the risk of Bipolar I disorder?

    <p>Being separated, divorced, or widowed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Bipolar II disorder?

    <p>At least one episode of major depression and one episode of hypomania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the text mention the onset of Bipolar II disorder?

    <p>Mid 20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of individuals with Bipolar II disorder eventually experience a full manic episode?

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is slightly more commonly diagnosed with Bipolar II disorder?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the worldwide 12-month prevalence of Bipolar II disorder?

    <p>0.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the onset ages of Bipolar II and Bipolar I disorders compare?

    <p>Bipolar II onset is later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Bipolar II disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder based on DSM V criteria?

    <p>Bipolar II disorder has shorter symptom-free periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder

    • Excessive involvement in high-risk activities, such as buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments, with a potential for painful consequences.
    • Observable mood disturbances and changes in functioning by others.

    Etiology of Bipolar Disorder

    • Genetic factors: 10-fold increased risk among adult relatives of individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders.
    • Shared genetic origin with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
    • Affects both females and males equally.

    Neuroscience

    • Disturbances in the brain reward-system.
    • Changes in brain activity during episode swings.
    • Neurotransmitters involved in episode switching: dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine.

    Treatment

    • Pharmacotherapy: valproic acid and lithium, with over 60 years of experience in treating bipolar disorder.
    • Challenges in treatment: monitoring Li levels, overdose risk, and risk of medication interactions.

    Bipolar I Disorder

    • 12-month prevalence: 0% to 0.6% across 11 countries, with the highest in the US.
    • Gender difference: lifetime male-to-female ratio is 1.1:1.
    • Females are more likely to experience rapid cycling and mixed states, and have a higher lifetime risk of alcohol use disorder.
    • Mean age at onset: early adulthood, around 18 years old, but late onsets are also possible.

    Social Factors

    • More common in high-income countries.
    • Marital status: separated, divorced, or widowed individuals are more at risk.
    • 15 times higher risk of suicidal behavior compared to the general population.
    • 30% severe impairment in work functioning.

    Bipolar II Disorder

    • Lifetime and recurrent, with at least 1 episode of major depression and at least 1 hypomanic episode.
    • No manic episodes.
    • Creativity may be present in milder cases during hypomanic episodes.
    • Worldwide 12-month prevalence: 0.3%.
    • Onset in mid 20s, with earlier onset indicating a more severe course.
    • Gender differences: slightly more commonly diagnosed in women due to depressive episodes.

    Cyclothymic Disorder

    • Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance for at least 2 years.
    • Numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms.
    • Symptoms are insufficient to meet full criteria for a hypomanic or major depressive episode.
    • Symptoms-free periods do not last longer than 2 months at a time.
    • Not caused by a substance or medical condition.
    • Leading to distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Bipolar I Disorder according to the DSM V (APA, 2013), covering specifiers like anxious distress, mixed features, rapid cycling, and more. Explore prevalence rates, gender differences, and other important facts from Bonsall et al. 2011.

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