DSM-5: Anxiety and Bipolar Disorders

• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) outlines criteria for mental disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

• Characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, and related behavioral disturbances.
• Panic Disorder involves recurrent panic attacks with physical and/or cognitive symptoms.
• Agoraphobia includes marked anxiety about public transportation, open spaces, enclosed spaces, crowds, or being outside home alone.
• Specific Phobia refers to fear or avoidance of specific objects or situations.
• Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by fear or avoidance of social interactions where scrutiny is possible.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder is excessive worry about various events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least six months.

Bipolar and Related Disorders

• Feature experiences of depression and manic episodes.
• Bipolar I includes depressive moods lasting at least two weeks and manic moods lasting at least one week.

Depressive Disorders

• Defined by depressed moods causing functional disruption.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) is a depressed mood for most of the day, lasting at least two years.
• Major Depressive Disorder involves depressed mood most of the day and/or diminished interest in almost all activities.
• Premenstrual Dysmorphic Disorder includes mood changes, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety in the week before menses.
• Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder features chronic, severe irritability with frequent temper outbursts.

Dissociative Disorders

• Characterized by disruption/discontinuity in consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.
• Dissociative Identity Disorder involves two or more distinct personality states, or experiences of possession and recurrent amnesia.
• Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder includes persistent experiences of unreality or detachment from mind, self, body, or surroundings.
• Dissociative Amnesia is the inability to recall autobiographical information, possibly involving travel or wandering (fugue).

Feeding and Eating Disorders

• Persistent disturbed eating behaviors altering food consumption/absorption, impairing health/functioning.
• Anorexia Nervosa involves restricted energy intake, fear of weight gain, and body image disturbance.
• Bulimia Nervosa includes binge eating episodes and inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain; self-evaluation influenced by body shape and weight.
• Binge Eating Disorder features recurrent binge eating episodes, occurring at least once a week for three months.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Typically begin early in development, causing impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder involves persistent deficits in social communication and interaction.
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder features impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
• Tourette’s Disorder includes multiple motor and one or more vocal tics.
• Intellectual Disability involves deficits in general mental abilities like reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.

Neurocognitive Disorders

• Involve symptoms related to complex attention, executive function, learning, memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition.
• Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) involves significant cognitive decline in various cognitive domains, potentially due to Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s.
• Alzheimer’s Disease involves gradual cognitive and behavioral decline, particularly in memory and learning.

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

• Acts individuals feel compelled to perform in response to obsessions or according to rules that must be followed rigidly.
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder consists of intrusive thoughts (obsessions) followed by repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).
• Hoarding Disorder includes persistent difficulty discarding possessions, regardless of value.
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder is preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in appearance not observable to others.

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

• Feature delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/speech, disorganized/abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.
• Delusional Disorder includes at least one month of delusions without other psychotic symptoms.
• Schizophrenia lasts for six months, including at least one month of active phase symptoms.

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Distressing somatic symptoms along with abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response.
• Conversion Disorder is one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function unexplained by medical conditions.
• Illness Anxiety Disorder involves preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, with high health anxiety.
• Factitious Disorder is falsification of physical/psychological signs/symptoms or causing injury/disease to oneself or another.

Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders

• Exposure to a traumatic/stressful event is a diagnostic criterion.
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder involves symptoms after exposure to traumatic events like flashbacks, avoidance, and distressing memories.
• Adjustment Disorder includes symptoms like low mood, worry, and insomnia in response to a specific event or situation.

Personality Disorders

• Enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior deviating from cultural expectations.
• Cluster A includes Paranoid (distrust), Schizoid (detachment), and Schizotypal (discomfort in relationships & eccentric behavior).
• Cluster B includes Antisocial (disregard for rights), Borderline (instability in relationships), Histrionic (attention-seeking), and Narcissistic (grandiosity).
• Cluster C includes Avoidant (social inhibition), Dependent (clinging behavior), and Obsessive-Compulsive (preoccupation with order).

Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders

• Characterized by problems with self-control of emotions and behaviors.
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder includes angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least six months.
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder involves recurrent outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses.
• Pyromania is deliberate and purposeful fire-setting on more than one occasion.
• Kleptomania is recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal unneeded objects.
• Conduct Disorder involves repetitive behavior violating others' rights or societal rules.
• Aggression to people/animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness/theft, and serious rule violations are grouped under conduct disorder.
• Conduct disorder is comorbid with ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
• After age 18, diagnosis may be Antisocial Personality Disorder.