Bipolar Disorder Symptoms and Criteria Quiz

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What makes compulsions in OCD often 'magical'?

They bear no logical relation to the obsession (correct)

They are based on scientific principles

They are easy to explain through rational thinking

They are always based on real-life experiences

In what situation is a client likely to have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

When they need hospitalization (correct)

When they have a fear of snakes

When they have a snake phobia

When they experience panic attacks

What distinguishes the dangerous event in OCD from other anxiety disorders?

It is a thought, image, or impulse (correct)

It is usually an external object or situation

It is easy to control and predict

It always involves physical danger

What do victims of OCD resort to in an attempt to establish control over dangerous events?

Magic and rituals Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult for someone with OCD to suppress a suggested thought or image?

It is challenging to control one's thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What is the dangerous event that individuals with OCD often try to avoid?

'Pink elephants' thoughts or images Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of social anxiety disorder?

Fear of public speaking Signup and view all the answers

Why do people with social anxiety disorder either avoid social situations or endure them with great distress?

Due to fear of scrutiny and negative evaluation by others Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy has shown effectiveness in treating specific phobias in youth according to the text?

Exposure therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common fear in Social Anxiety Disorder according to the text?

Fear of public speaking Signup and view all the answers

What kind of stressful life events are mentioned as triggers for depression in the text?

Events involving loss and relationship conflicts Signup and view all the answers

In exposure therapy for specific phobias, why might this approach appeal to some individuals?

It involves a short single long session Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of exposure therapy for specific phobias?

Gradually facing and desensitizing to the feared situation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress, according to the text, is associated with an increased risk for depression onset, maintenance, and recurrence?

Long-term or chronic stress like poverty or marital discord Signup and view all the answers

What role do individual differences play in responses to stress, as mentioned in the text?

People vary in their responses to stress based on genetic predispositions and other psychological factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a cognitive diathesis that contributes to vulnerability for depression according to the text?

Attributing negative events to internal, stable, and global causes Signup and view all the answers

How do early environmental adversities like family turmoil or abuse impact vulnerability to depression?

They create long-term vulnerabilities through both biological and psychological pathways Signup and view all the answers

In psychological theories of depression, what may interact to increase vulnerability to depression?

Genetic predispositions, cognitive patterns, and early life experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of untreated manic episodes?

3 to 4 months Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a less severe version of a manic episode?

Hypomania Signup and view all the answers

In the structure of mood disorder, individuals who experience either depression or mania are classified under which category?

Unipolar mood disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration required for hypomania to be diagnosed?

4 days Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a condition where manic symptoms coexist with depression or anxiety?

Mixed features Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders as mentioned in the text?

Frequency of manic episodes Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on the role of pessimistic attributions in contributing to depression vulnerability?

Reformulated Helplessness Theory Signup and view all the answers

According to Hopelessness Theory, what is necessary for depression to occur?

A sense of hopelessness Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the theory that rumination exacerbates depressive symptoms?

Nolen-Hoeksema Signup and view all the answers

According to the integrated theory, which individuals are more likely to develop depression when they ruminate extensively?

Those with pessimistic attributional styles and high dysfunctional attitudes Signup and view all the answers

What type of response do men tend to have when depressed?

Distracting activities Signup and view all the answers

Which group is more prone to engaging in rumination according to the text?

Women Signup and view all the answers