Anatomy of the Hip and Gluteal Region
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the bone commonly referred to as the hip bone?

Coxal bone

Which of the following is NOT a bone that contributes to the formation of the pelvic girdle?

  • Ilium
  • Pubis
  • Femur (correct)
  • Ischium

    • What are the two major landmarks of the ischium that serve as attachment points for muscles?

    Ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

    In proper anatomical position, the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle are not aligned.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main ligaments that support the lumbosacral joint?

    <p>Anterior longitudinal ligament, iliolumbar ligaments, and sacroiliac ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spiral appearance of the hip ligaments is the result of the ______ twisting of the lower limb during embryological development.

    <p>medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the band of fascia that thickens and separates the thigh muscles into compartments?

    <p>Iliotibial band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The obturator externus muscle is a back-to-back muscle, similar to other lateral hip rotators.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major artery that supplies blood to the lower limb?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve plexus that supplies the majority of the innervation to the lower limb?

    <p>Lumbosacral plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior gluteal nerve and artery emerge inferior to the piriformis muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the chart that helps to understand the distribution of sensory innervation to specific areas of the skin?

    <p>Dermatome map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The obturator nerve and femoral nerve can both share contributions from the L2-L4 spinal levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint action at the hip is described as a combination of multiple movements including flexion and abduction?

    <p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is generally associated with a larger angle in females compared to males?

    <p>Q-angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the iliotibial band?

    <p>To encase the thigh muscles and separate them into compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments of the hip joint primarily contribute to its stability by preventing excessive movements?

    <p>Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

    <p>Tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of injuries are commonly associated with the hip joint?

    <p>Dislocation and femoral neck fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the hip joint is more stable but less mobile compared to the shoulder joint?

    <p>Acetabulum depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the gluteus maximus muscle insert?

    <p>Iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fascia encircles the leg?

    <p>Crural fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?

    <p>Iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones make up the coxal (hip) bone?

    <p>Ilium, ischium, pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints articulate to form the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the articulation of the hip joint?

    <p>The coxal bone articulates with the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main regions covered when discussing the lower limb anatomy?

    <p>Thigh, leg, foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic movements occur at the hip joint?

    <p>Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Western University

    • Western University is a university located in Canada.

    Hip and Gluteal Region

    • This is a topic in an anatomy lesson.
    • The lesson will cover the bones, ligaments, movements and muscles of the hip and gluteal region.
    • Learning outcomes include:
      • Identifying and describing the bones and ligaments related to the hip joint and those that stabilize it.
      • Explaining the basic movements occurring at the hip
      • Identifying intrinsic muscles of the hip and gluteal region, describing their functions and innervations
      • Predicting the implications of nervous and musculoskeletal injuries to the hip and gluteal region.

    Regions of the Lower Limb

    • The lower limb is divided into regions for study.
    • Regions include:
      • Hip
      • Thigh
      • Knee
      • Leg
      • Foot

    Bones of the Lower Limb

    • The coxal (hip) bone is composed of three separate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
    • The left and right coxal bones articulate at the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints to form the pelvic girdle.
    • The coxal bone articulates with the femur to form the hip joint.
    • The femur articulates with the patella and tibia to form the knee joint.
    • The fibula also articulates with the tibia.
    • The tibia and fibula articulate with the tarsal bones at the ankle joint.

    Bones, Joints, and Ligaments

    • A general title for the subject matter of these study notes.

    Bones of the Hip and Pelvis

    • The left and right coxal bones articulate with the sacrum posteriorly (at the sacroiliac joints) and with each other anteriorly (at the pubic symphysis).
    • This forms the pelvic girdle
    • The coccyx articulates with the inferior aspect of the sacrum.
    • The femur articulates with the coxal bone to form the hip joint.

    Coxal Bone: Ilium

    • The coxal bones (or hip bones) are also known as the innominate bones.
    • The innominate bones are formed from the fusion of three smaller bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.
    • The ilium has significant bony features, such as the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, and anterior inferior iliac spine.
    • Landmarks on the ilium serve as important reference points for muscle attachments and assessments.

    Coxal Bone: Ischium

    • The ischium has two main bony landmarks: the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity.
    • These landmarks are important for muscle attatchments and as reference points.
    • The greater and lesser sciatic notches are important sites for neurovascular structures passing through them.

    Coxal Bone: Pubis

    • The pubis, along with the ilium and ischium, forms the coxal bone.
    • Landmarks on the pubis, such as the superior and inferior pubic rami, are important for muscle attachments.
    • The pubic tubercle and the superior/inferior pubic rami are important reference points
    • The obturator foramen is a significant opening important for the passage of nerves and vessels.

    Pelvic Joints and Ligaments

    • The pelvic girdle is supported by ligaments that provide both stability and mobility to the joints.
    • Lumbosacral joints are supported by anterior longitudinal and iliolumbar ligaments.
    • Sacroiliac joints are supported by sacroiliac ligaments.
    • The pelvic joints are generally stable but can be vulnerable to injury in certain situations, such as difficult childbirth or car accidents.
    • Ligament tears and separations are possible consequences.

    Pelvic Ligaments

    • Ligaments act as both landmarks for muscle attachments and stabilizers of pelvic joints.
    • Ligaments include Inguinal, sacrospinous, and sacrotuberous ligaments.

    Hip Joint and Proximal Femur

    • The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone, forming the hip joint.
    • Major landmarks on the proximal femur are important for muscle attachments.
    • Landmarks include the greater and lesser trochanters and the gluteal tuberosity.

    Surface Anatomy

    • Several landmarks on the coxal bone and femur are palpable.
    • These landmarks are used for clinical assessments and interventions.

    The 'Femur Gun'

    • A helpful technique for identifying the left and right femurs.

    Hip Joint

    • Like the shoulder joint, the hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint.
    • The hip joint is deeper and more stable than the shoulder joint, but with less mobility.

    Movements at the Hip

    • The hip, being a ball-and-socket joint, allows for a range of movements.
    • Movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

    Hip Joint and Femur: Sex Differences

    • Anatomical differences based on sex (male and female) exist in the hip and femur.
    • Differences are considered for diagnosis and treatment planning of hip injuries based on observed variations in the anatomy of the hip.

    Hip Joint and Ligaments

    • The hip joint has ligaments.
    • Important stabilizing ligaments are: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments.
    • The spiral appearance of these ligaments is a result of embryolical development.

    Hip Joint Injury

    • Common hip injuries include dislocation and femoral neck fracture.
    • Hip injuries can result in pain, disability, and need for surgical intervention.

    Gluteal Region Muscles

    • Note: Specific muscle actions and attachments are detailed but should not be memorized in entirety.

    Fascia

    • The iliotibial band is a thickening of the fascia lata.
    • The band surrounds the thigh muscles and separates them into compartments.
    • Gluteal and crural fasciae are relevant structures for the gluteal region and leg, respectively.

    Superficial Gluteal Muscles

    • The Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, and Tensor fasciae latae are superficial gluteal muscles.
    • Their location, actions, innervations are mentioned but the full memorization of actions is not required.

    Deep Gluteal Muscles

    • Deep gluteal muscles include Gluteus minimus and Medius, which have similar function but are deeper to the superficial muscle counterparts. 

    Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

    • Several muscles work to produce lateral hip rotation.
    • These include: piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, and obturator externus muscles.
    • Each of these has a specific origin, insertion and innervation.

    Neurovasculature

    • A general title used for the neurovascular components of the lower limb.

    Arteries of the Lower Limb

    • Detailed descriptions of major arteries of the lower limb are provided.
    • The femoral artery crosses behind the knee, dividing into the popliteal artery and subsequently multiple branches for the leg and foot

    Gluteal Region Arteries

    • The superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply the gluteal region.
    • Detailed origins and distribution paths of branches from relevant arteries are presented

    Veins of the Lower Limb

    • Deep and superficial leg and foot veins mirror artery pathways.
    • The great and small saphenous veins are important superficial veins.

    Lumbosacral Plexus

    • The lumbar and sacral plexuses work to innervate the lower limb.
    • Individual nerves provide innervation to various muscle groups and parts of the lower limb

    Gluteal Region Nerves

    • The superior and inferior gluteal nerves emerge through the greater sciatic foramen..
    • Relevant nerves include superior gluteal and inferior gluteal nerves, sciatic and tibial nerves.

    Dermatomes vs Nerve Maps

    • Dermatomes and nerve maps overlap but not perfectly.

    Simplified Muscle Chart

    • Summary of major hip muscles, including origin, insertion, main actions, and innervation.

    Upper vs Lower Limb

    • Diagram comparing the upper and lower limbs for bones, joints, mobility, and stability.
    • Functional differences are emphasized.

    Learning Outcomes

    • Summary reinforcement of learning expectations for the anatomy lesson.

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    Hip and Gluteal Region PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy of the hip and gluteal region in this quiz. You'll learn about the bones, ligaments, muscles, and movements associated with the hip joint. Additionally, the implications of injuries to this area will be discussed, enhancing your understanding of human anatomy.

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