Kinesiology 2: Biomechanics of the Hip Joint

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Questions and Answers

What structure deepens the acetabulum and aids in stabilizing the hip joint?

Femoral head

Acetabular labrum (correct)

Articular cartilage

Synovial membrane

What is the approximate angle of inclination between the neck of the femur and its shaft?

125° (correct)

145°

90°

105°

Which part of the femur is covered with articular cartilage except for a small pit?

Femoral condyles

Femoral shaft

Femoral neck

Femoral head (correct)

What contributes to the risk factor for congenital hip dislocation in newborns?

Shallow acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the innominate bone forms the bony pelvis alongside its counterpart?

Two innominate bones Signup and view all the answers

What orientation does the femoral head face in the acetabulum?

Medially and superiorly Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the acetabulum allows it to maintain mobility while increasing stability?

The fibrocartilage ring Signup and view all the answers

How does the surface of the femoral head appear in adults?

Approximately two thirds of a sphere Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hip range of motion (ROM) as aging progresses until the age of 80?

Clinically insignificant reduction in ROM in all directions Signup and view all the answers

Which hip motion occurs during an anterior pelvic tilt with a fixed femur?

Hip flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common error when measuring hip joint motion?

Failing to account for lumbar spine movement Signup and view all the answers

How much hip flexion is typically used during normal walking?

20–30º Signup and view all the answers

When performing stair climbing, how much hip flexion is typically required?

45–65º Signup and view all the answers

Which activity requires the most hip flexion according to common activities of daily living?

Rising from a chair Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a posterior pelvic tilt have on the hip with a fixed femur?

It extends the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between hip motion and pelvic movement?

They can occur simultaneously, affecting measurements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cancellous bone in the femur?

To absorb shocks Signup and view all the answers

Where is the greater trochanter located?

A hand’s length distal to the iliac crest Signup and view all the answers

What shape does the iliofemoral ligament create as it proceeds along the hip joint?

Y-shape with the base directed toward the AIIS Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group originates from the greater trochanter?

Gluteal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the ischiofemoral ligament?

Restricts flexion ROM of the hip Signup and view all the answers

What role does the intertrochanteric crest play?

Separates the greater and lesser trochanters Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?

Synovial, ball-and-socket joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pubofemoral ligament?

Prevents excessive extension and abduction ROM Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments reinforce the anterior aspect of the hip joint capsule?

Iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

How is the stability of the hip joint primarily achieved?

By the strong ligaments with longitudinal and circumferential fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hip joint capsule's longitudinal fibers?

To provide a strong attachment to the femur Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the hip joint capsule during hip extension?

The fibers of the capsule clamp down on the femoral head Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the orientation of the acetabulum is true?

It leaves the anterior aspect of the femoral head exposed. Signup and view all the answers

How does the orientation of the proximal femur influence hip joint function?

It influences both the mobility and stability of the joint Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to men, which ROM appears greater in women?

Medial rotation ROM Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is considered the strongest of the hip joint?

Iliofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kinesiology 2, Fall 2024, Lecture 1: Biomechanics of the Hip Joint

Hip Joint Structure: A ball-and-socket synovial joint, comprised of the femur head and the acetabulum.
Acetabulum: Located on the lateral aspect of the innominate bone, formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The acetabulum forms a deep, spherical socket for the femoral head. It faces laterally and slightly inferiorly.
Labrum: A fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the acetabulum, which increases the contact area, stabilizes the hip joint and decreases joint stress.
Femur: The largest bone in the body, composed of a head, neck, and shaft (body). The femoral head provides the distal articular surface of the hip joint.
Femoral Head Cartilage: Covered with articular cartilage except for a small pit (fovea) where the ligamentum teres attaches. The shape is roughly two-thirds of a sphere.

Hip Joint Ligaments

Iliofemoral Ligament: Arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine and iliac portion of the acetabulum, creating a Y shape. Prevents excessive extension and lateral rotation.
Ischiofemoral Ligament: Attaches to the ischial portion of the acetabulum rim and runs horizontally reinforcing the capsule posteriorly. Limits excessive hyperextension and medial rotation.
Pubofemoral Ligament: Originates from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim and the superior pubic ramus. It extends along the inferior aspect of the capsule, limiting excessive extension.
Synovial Capsule: Encloses most of the femoral neck and head; longitudinal fibers. Is structurally strong, and the orientation affects range of motion.

Hip Joint Stability

Bony Configuration: Provides initial stability to the hip joint.
Ligaments: The structure and function of the ligaments work in harmony with the bony configuration to provide joint stability during various motions
The capsule tightens during hip extension
The capsule relaxes during hip flexion

Hip Joint Alignment

Normal Posture: Alignment of the acetabulum and femoral head.
Femoral Head Orientation: Faces medially and superiorly in the acetabulum during normal erect posture.

Hip Joint Range of Motion

ROM can vary in individuals due to age and other factors.
Normal range of motion includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial, and lateral rotation

Pelvis Contribution to Hip Motion

Hip motion can be influenced by pelvic tilt.
Anterior tilt (flexes hip) and posterior tilt (extends hip).
Motion can also be influenced in lateral movements of the pelvis.

Interaction of Hip Joint and Lumbar Spine

Measured by determining position of thigh relative to trunk.
Hip motion can be confused with lumbar spine motion without considering pelvis implications.
Careful consideration is taken when assessing hip motion.

Activities of Daily Living and Hip Motion

Hip motion is crucial for various daily activities.
Activities such as walking, climbing stairs, and rising from a chair involve varying degrees of hip flexion.

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Description

This quiz covers the biomechanics of the hip joint as discussed in Kinesiology 2, Fall 2024, Lecture 1. It includes details about the hip joint structure, the role of the acetabulum, and the ligaments associated with the hip joint. Test your knowledge of these fundamental concepts of human movement.