Kinesiology 2: Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
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Questions and Answers

What structure deepens the acetabulum and aids in stabilizing the hip joint?

  • Femoral head
  • Acetabular labrum (correct)
  • Articular cartilage
  • Synovial membrane

What is the approximate angle of inclination between the neck of the femur and its shaft?

  • 125° (correct)
  • 145°
  • 90°
  • 105°

Which part of the femur is covered with articular cartilage except for a small pit?

  • Femoral condyles
  • Femoral shaft
  • Femoral neck
  • Femoral head (correct)

What contributes to the risk factor for congenital hip dislocation in newborns?

<p>Shallow acetabulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the innominate bone forms the bony pelvis alongside its counterpart?

<p>Two innominate bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What orientation does the femoral head face in the acetabulum?

<p>Medially and superiorly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the acetabulum allows it to maintain mobility while increasing stability?

<p>The fibrocartilage ring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the surface of the femoral head appear in adults?

<p>Approximately two thirds of a sphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hip range of motion (ROM) as aging progresses until the age of 80?

<p>Clinically insignificant reduction in ROM in all directions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hip motion occurs during an anterior pelvic tilt with a fixed femur?

<p>Hip flexion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common error when measuring hip joint motion?

<p>Failing to account for lumbar spine movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much hip flexion is typically used during normal walking?

<p>20–30º (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing stair climbing, how much hip flexion is typically required?

<p>45–65º (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity requires the most hip flexion according to common activities of daily living?

<p>Rising from a chair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a posterior pelvic tilt have on the hip with a fixed femur?

<p>It extends the hip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between hip motion and pelvic movement?

<p>They can occur simultaneously, affecting measurements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cancellous bone in the femur?

<p>To absorb shocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the greater trochanter located?

<p>A hand’s length distal to the iliac crest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape does the iliofemoral ligament create as it proceeds along the hip joint?

<p>Y-shape with the base directed toward the AIIS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group originates from the greater trochanter?

<p>Gluteal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the ischiofemoral ligament?

<p>Restricts flexion ROM of the hip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the intertrochanteric crest play?

<p>Separates the greater and lesser trochanters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?

<p>Synovial, ball-and-socket joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pubofemoral ligament?

<p>Prevents excessive extension and abduction ROM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments reinforce the anterior aspect of the hip joint capsule?

<p>Iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the stability of the hip joint primarily achieved?

<p>By the strong ligaments with longitudinal and circumferential fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hip joint capsule's longitudinal fibers?

<p>To provide a strong attachment to the femur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the hip joint capsule during hip extension?

<p>The fibers of the capsule clamp down on the femoral head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the orientation of the acetabulum is true?

<p>It leaves the anterior aspect of the femoral head exposed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the orientation of the proximal femur influence hip joint function?

<p>It influences both the mobility and stability of the joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to men, which ROM appears greater in women?

<p>Medial rotation ROM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is considered the strongest of the hip joint?

<p>Iliofemoral ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acetabulum

The hip socket, formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Acetabular Labrum

Fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the acetabulum, stabilizing the hip joint.

Femur Head

The rounded top of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum.

Femoral Neck

The part of the femur connecting the head to the shaft; almost entirely enclosed by the hip capsule.

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Angle of Inclination

Approximately 125° angle between the femoral neck and shaft, crucial for weight bearing.

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Innominate Bone

A hip bone (one of two), making up half of the pelvic girdle (one on the right, one on the left).

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Congenital Hip Dislocation Risk

Shallow acetabulum at birth increases the risk of dislocation.

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Hip Joint Stabilization

The acetabular labrum and surrounding structure provide support for the hip.

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Anteversion angle

The angle between the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur, usually measured in degrees.

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Cancellous bone (femur)

Spongy bone inside the femur's shaft, neck, and head, arranged for impact absorption.

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Greater trochanter

A large bony prominence on the upper femur (proximal end), attachment point for muscles.

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Lesser trochanter

Bony projection on the lower femur, attachment for a muscle tendon.

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Intertrochanteric crest

Ridge connecting the greater and lesser trochanters on the femur's posterior side.

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Hip joint type

Synovial ball-and-socket joint (allows for wide range of motion).

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Hip joint capsule

Connective tissue covering the hip joint, reinforced by ligaments.

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Iliofemoral ligament

One of the major hip joint ligaments, reinforcing the anterior portion of the capsule.

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Iliofemoral Ligament Function

The strongest hip ligament, preventing excessive hip extension and lateral rotation, and limiting adduction.

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Ischiofemoral Ligament Function

A hip ligament that runs horizontally and superiorly, reinforcing the hip capsule, and limiting hyperextension, medial rotation, and adduction (when flexed).

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Pubofemoral Ligament Function

Limits excessive hip extension and adduction.

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Hip Joint Stability Mechanisms

The hip joint is stabilized by ligaments (longitudinal and circumferential fibers) that crisscross, clamping down on the femoral head during extension and holding it in the acetabulum. In contrast, hip flexion slackens the joint capsule.

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Acetabulum and Femoral Head Alignment

In normal posture, the acetabulum and femoral head are aligned with the femoral head slightly anterior and superior, exposing the anterior aspect of the femoral head for flexion.

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Hip Joint Ligaments

Hip joint stability is maintained by iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. These ligaments help limit various types of movement (extension, rotation, adduction and hyperextension).

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Hip Flexion and ROM

Hip flexion facilitates movement of the thigh in front of the trunk, limiting backward thigh movement.

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Gender Differences in ROM

Women tend to have greater medial rotation ROM and men have greater adduction, but other hip movements appear similar.

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Hip ROM and Aging

Hip range of motion (ROM) generally doesn't significantly decrease with age until around 80 years old. Significant reductions suggest a joint problem, not just aging.

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Open vs. Closed Chain Hip Motion

Open chain motion involves moving the femur relative to a fixed pelvis (like leg raises). Closed chain involves moving the pelvis relative to a fixed femur (like standing up).

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Pelvic Tilt and Hip Motion

An anterior pelvic tilt while the femur is fixed flexes the hip. A posterior pelvic tilt extends the hip.

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Pelvic Elevation and Hip Motion

Elevating one side of the pelvis with a fixed leg causes the opposite side's pelvis to move closer to that femur, appearing like adduction.

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Hip Motion and Lumbar Spine

Measuring hip motion requires controlling lumbar spine movement. Inadequate control can lead to misinterpretations, since spine bending can appear as hip abduction or adduction.

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Hip Motion in Daily Activities

Hip motion is crucial for daily activities like walking, stair climbing, rising from a chair, and bending to tie a shoe or squat.

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Walking and Hip Flexion

Walking uses about 20-30 degrees of hip flexion, reaching its peak during initial contact.

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Stair Climbing and Hip Flexion

Stair climbing requires more hip flexion (45-65 degrees) than walking, while stair descent uses slightly less.

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Study Notes

Kinesiology 2, Fall 2024, Lecture 1: Biomechanics of the Hip Joint

  • Hip Joint Structure: A ball-and-socket synovial joint, comprised of the femur head and the acetabulum.
  • Acetabulum: Located on the lateral aspect of the innominate bone, formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The acetabulum forms a deep, spherical socket for the femoral head. It faces laterally and slightly inferiorly.
  • Labrum: A fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the acetabulum, which increases the contact area, stabilizes the hip joint and decreases joint stress.
  • Femur: The largest bone in the body, composed of a head, neck, and shaft (body). The femoral head provides the distal articular surface of the hip joint.
  • Femoral Head Cartilage: Covered with articular cartilage except for a small pit (fovea) where the ligamentum teres attaches. The shape is roughly two-thirds of a sphere.

Hip Joint Ligaments

  • Iliofemoral Ligament: Arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine and iliac portion of the acetabulum, creating a Y shape. Prevents excessive extension and lateral rotation.
  • Ischiofemoral Ligament: Attaches to the ischial portion of the acetabulum rim and runs horizontally reinforcing the capsule posteriorly. Limits excessive hyperextension and medial rotation.
  • Pubofemoral Ligament: Originates from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim and the superior pubic ramus. It extends along the inferior aspect of the capsule, limiting excessive extension.
  • Synovial Capsule: Encloses most of the femoral neck and head; longitudinal fibers. Is structurally strong, and the orientation affects range of motion.

Hip Joint Stability

  • Bony Configuration: Provides initial stability to the hip joint.
  • Ligaments: The structure and function of the ligaments work in harmony with the bony configuration to provide joint stability during various motions
  • The capsule tightens during hip extension
  • The capsule relaxes during hip flexion

Hip Joint Alignment

  • Normal Posture: Alignment of the acetabulum and femoral head.
  • Femoral Head Orientation: Faces medially and superiorly in the acetabulum during normal erect posture.

Hip Joint Range of Motion

  • ROM can vary in individuals due to age and other factors.
  • Normal range of motion includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial, and lateral rotation

Pelvis Contribution to Hip Motion

  • Hip motion can be influenced by pelvic tilt.
  • Anterior tilt (flexes hip) and posterior tilt (extends hip).
  • Motion can also be influenced in lateral movements of the pelvis.

Interaction of Hip Joint and Lumbar Spine

  • Measured by determining position of thigh relative to trunk.
  • Hip motion can be confused with lumbar spine motion without considering pelvis implications.
  • Careful consideration is taken when assessing hip motion.

Activities of Daily Living and Hip Motion

  • Hip motion is crucial for various daily activities.
  • Activities such as walking, climbing stairs, and rising from a chair involve varying degrees of hip flexion.

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Related Documents

Lecture 1 Biomechanics of the Hip Joint, Fall 2024, GALALA University PDF

Description

This quiz covers the biomechanics of the hip joint as discussed in Kinesiology 2, Fall 2024, Lecture 1. It includes details about the hip joint structure, the role of the acetabulum, and the ligaments associated with the hip joint. Test your knowledge of these fundamental concepts of human movement.

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