Biomarker Tests and Precision Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of biomarker tests in precision medicine?

To provide a one-size-fits-all treatment approach

To enable selection of the most beneficial treatment based on individual disease characteristics (correct)

To increase the cost of treatment options

To replace clinicians in treatment decision-making

How do biomarker tests benefit preventive or therapeutic interventions?

They allow concentration on those who are most likely to benefit from specific treatments (correct)

They help identify patients who are less likely to benefit

They eliminate the need for clinical trials

They provide a universal treatment protocol for all patients

What role does oncology play in the advancement of precision medicine?

It refuses to adopt new testing methodologies

It is primarily focused on surgical interventions

It has been at the forefront due to the genomic nature of cancer (correct)

It emphasizes a non-genomic approach to treatment

What has research shown about the mechanisms of action of targeted therapies?

They can be effective against multiple molecular targets Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential use of advanced biomarker tests beyond FDA-approved uses?

To suggest off-label uses of drugs for treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a surrogate endpoint in the context of clinical trials?

A substitute measure that predicts clinical benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the BRAF V600E mutation in cancer treatment?

It is linked to the rapid development of specific targeted therapies like vemurafenib Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ultimate goals of precision medicine?

To classify individuals to improve targeted interventions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of high-sensitivity troponin (hs-Tn) assays?

To detect myocardial infarction by identifying heart muscle damage Signup and view all the answers

Which biomarker has been linked to increased risks of heart failure, cardiovascular events, and mortality?

Galectin-3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in cardiac health?

They are released in response to increased ventricular wall stress Signup and view all the answers

Which biomarker is also known as soluble ST2?

Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1RL1) Signup and view all the answers

What does the study by McKie et al. reveal about NT-proBNP levels?

Higher levels may predict death and cardiovascular events even in healthy individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biomarkers is primarily associated with inflammation and oxidative stress?

Growth differentiation factor 15 Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of using high-sensitivity troponin assays in myocardial infarction diagnosis?

They enabled early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cardiac disease, what does the term 'prognostic marker' refer to?

A biomarker indicating the likely outcome of a disease Signup and view all the answers

Which biomarker shows promise in predicting post-infarction remodeling?

ST2 Signup and view all the answers

How can high-sensitivity troponin (hs-Tn) assays influence patient outcomes?

By detecting smaller amounts of heart muscle damage earlier Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biomarker Tests and Precision Medicine

Biomarker tests guide therapy selection by analyzing individual molecular profiles, enhancing patient treatment outcomes.
Precision medicine personalizes medical care based on unique patient characteristics, optimizing prevention and treatment efficacy.
Oncology benefits significantly from precision medicine due to complex cancer genetics involving numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
Clinical evidence is continuously evolving; treatments initially targeting one biomarker variant may be effective for various molecular targets.
Advanced biomarker tests allow for more precise disease characterization, including off-label drug use to expand therapeutic options.
Biomarker tests serve as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials, expediting patient identification for targeted therapies.
Vemurafenib development exemplifies rapid approval processes, achieving clinical use for BRAF V600E mutation in under six years.

Novel Biomarkers in Cardiac Disease

High-sensitivity troponin (hs-Tn) enables detection of minor heart muscle damage, outperforming traditional assays in myocardial infarction diagnosis.
Studies indicate hs-Tn assays improve early myocardial infarction diagnosis and provide prognostic information for coronary artery disease patients.
Galectin-3 is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes; elevated levels correlate with increased heart failure risk and mortality.
ST2, or soluble ST2, serves as a biomarker tied to inflammation and cardiac remodeling; predicts post-infarction outcomes and prognosis.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) signal increased ventricular stress, assisting in risk stratification for cardiovascular events, even in healthy individuals.
Growth differentiation factor 15 is involved in inflammation and cellular stress responses, highlighting its potential role in heart disease monitoring.

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Description

Explore the crucial role of biomarker tests in precision medicine and how they guide therapy selection. This quiz delves into individual molecular profiling, its impact on treatment outcomes, and applications in oncology, including advanced testing and clinical trial relevance.