Types of AD Biomarkers

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Questions and Answers

What method is used to analyze cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers?

  • Blood sample analysis
  • Computed Tomography (CT) scan
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Lumber puncture (correct)

What type of scan is used to examine amyloid and tau biomarkers?

  • Ultrasound
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan (correct)

Which component is essential in the blood analysis described for dementia biomarkers?

  • Antibodies that induce blood clotting
  • Paramagnetic particles coupled with antibodies (correct)
  • Nucleic acids for genetic mapping
  • Synthetic proteins for enhancing fluorescence

What is the ultimate goal of the blood biomarker analysis for dementia?

<p>To form an immunocomplex with detection antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are fluorescent detection antibodies used in the blood analysis process?

<p>To generate a fluorescent product for detection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood biomarkers in dementia is inaccurate?

<p>Blood samples for dementia analysis do not require any additional substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main technique that supports the identification of plaques and tangles in the brain through biomarkers?

<p>Lumber puncture analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is utilized to analyze molecular biomarkers such as amyloid and tau?

<p>PET scan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is involved in creating an immunocomplex during the blood biomarker analysis?

<p>Adding paramagnetic particles coupled with antibodies to the blood sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary advantage do biosensors used in blood biomarker detection offer?

<p>Enhanced sensitivity to detect lower concentrations of biomarkers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of paramagnetic particles in blood biomarker analysis for dementia?

<p>To bind to specific targets in the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step follows the addition of paramagnetic particles in the blood biomarker analysis process?

<p>An immunocomplex is formed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of using fluorescent detection antibodies in blood biomarker analysis?

<p>They can enhance visibility of biomarker presence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are tangles and plaques identified in the context of dementia biomarkers?

<p>Via analysis of molecular biomarkers in CSF. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main analytical technique utilized for identifying amyloid and tau biomarkers?

<p>Positron emission tomography (PET) scan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CSF biomarkers in Dementia

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) tests identify brain tangles and plaques.

Amyloid and Tau (AD)

Molecular biomarkers in brain analyzed with PET scans.

Blood biomarker analysis

Blood tests use special particles and antibodies to detect proteins related to dementia.

Paramagnetic particles

These particles bind to specific targets in blood samples.

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Immunocomplex formation

The final step in blood tests; involving beads, proteins, and detection antibodies.

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CSF Analysis

A procedure that involves collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through a lumbar puncture to assess the presence of brain tangles and plaques, which are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.

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Amyloid and Tau

Molecular biomarkers that play a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. They can be detected and assessed through PET scans.

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Blood Biomarker Test

A test involving the addition of paramagnetic particles with antibodies that bind to specific target proteins related to Alzheimer's in the blood.

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Detection Antibodies

Antibodies added to the blood sample that are capable of generating a fluorescent product when they bind to the target protein.

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Immunocomplex

A complex formed in the blood test that consists of a paramagnetic particle, the bound target protein, and a detection antibody, which allows for the detection of the protein.

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PET scan

A brain imaging technique used to detect amyloid and tau protein buildup.

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Blood Biomarker

A protein found in the blood that can be measured to indicate the presence of Alzheimer's disease.

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Study Notes

Types of AD Biomarkers

  • Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF): Analyzed via lumbar puncture, identifying brain tangles and plaques using CSF.

  • Amyloid and Tau: Analysed via PET scan. Includes molecular biomarkers.

  • Blood: Uses paramagnetic particles coupled with antibodies targeted to specific markers in the blood sample. Detection antibodies are added to the blood sample to produce a fluorescent product. The objective is to form an immunocomplex of the bead, bound protein, and detection antibody.

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