Biology Vocabulary Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell?

  • Power cellular processes (correct)
  • Store genetic information
  • Facilitate protein synthesis
  • Structure cell membranes

How do amino acids contribute to protein formation?

  • Activate immune response
  • Store cellular energy
  • Control gene expression
  • Form building blocks of proteins (correct)

What is a major characteristic of ancient DNA (aDNA)?

  • Resistant to environmental factors
  • Often degraded and damaged (correct)
  • Highly stable over time
  • Easily replicated in the lab

How can aneuploidy occur in cells?

<p>During mitotic or meiotic division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in the body?

<p>Detect and bind to foreign substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which pattern of inheritance is an autosomal allele located?

<p>Autosomal inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of histones?

<p>To assist with DNA organization within the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication?

<p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?

<p>It is inherited maternally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?

<p>To protect DNA and regulate nuclear activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of incomplete dominance?

<p>The phenotype is a blend of both alleles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a helicase?

<p>To break the hydrogen bonds that hold double-stranded DNA together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between meiosis and mitosis?

<p>Meiosis is the process that gametes undergo to divide, while mitosis is the process that somatic cells undergo to divide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>To carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of microarray technology?

<p>It utilizes a microarray chip to probe genomic DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

<p>Homozygous genotypes consist of two identical alleles, while heterozygous genotypes consist of two different alleles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryote?

<p>Presence of membrane-enclosed organelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?

<p>Transporting amino acids to the ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer?

<p>Composed of a single layer of lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

<p>Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polygenic trait?

<p>Exhibits a continuous range of phenotypes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the promoter region of a gene?

<p>Initiating the transcription process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of semi-conservative DNA replication?

<p>Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?

<p>Ensuring the correct assembly of amino acids into proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a recessive allele?

<p>Expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Sanger sequencing method in molecular biology?

<p>Determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

<p>DNA replication involves the unwinding of the double helix and the synthesis of new complementary strands from the existing template strands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

<p>In the case of codominance, the phenotype exhibits characteristics of both alleles in the genotype. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA methylation is correct?

<p>DNA methylation can modify gene expression by altering the accessibility of DNA to regulatory proteins, effectively turning genes 'on' or 'off'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

<p>The centromere is a structural feature of chromosomes that serves as the attachment point for microtubules during cell division. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about genetic recombination is correct?

<p>Genetic recombination is a cellular process that occurs during meiosis I, in which homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

<p>Enzymes are capable of catalyzing a wide range of biochemical reactions, each enzyme being specific to a particular reaction or substrate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

<p>DNA is a double-stranded molecule with a sugar-phosphate backbone and complementary base pairing between nucleotides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cell surface antigens is correct?

<p>Cell surface antigens are proteins found specifically on the surface of red blood cells and play a crucial role in blood typing and transfusion compatibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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