Biology Vocabulary Quiz

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What is the function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell?

Power cellular processes (correct)
Store genetic information
Facilitate protein synthesis
Structure cell membranes

How do amino acids contribute to protein formation?

Activate immune response
Store cellular energy
Control gene expression
Form building blocks of proteins (correct)

What is a major characteristic of ancient DNA (aDNA)?

Resistant to environmental factors
Often degraded and damaged (correct)
Highly stable over time
Easily replicated in the lab

How can aneuploidy occur in cells?

During mitotic or meiotic division (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in the body?

Detect and bind to foreign substances (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which pattern of inheritance is an autosomal allele located?

Autosomal inheritance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of histones?

To assist with DNA organization within the nucleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication?

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?

It is inherited maternally (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?

To protect DNA and regulate nuclear activities (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of incomplete dominance?

The phenotype is a blend of both alleles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a helicase?

To break the hydrogen bonds that hold double-stranded DNA together (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Meiosis is the process that gametes undergo to divide, while mitosis is the process that somatic cells undergo to divide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

To carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of microarray technology?

It utilizes a microarray chip to probe genomic DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Homozygous genotypes consist of two identical alleles, while heterozygous genotypes consist of two different alleles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryote?

Presence of membrane-enclosed organelles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?

Transporting amino acids to the ribosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer?

Composed of a single layer of lipids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polygenic trait?

Exhibits a continuous range of phenotypes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the promoter region of a gene?

Initiating the transcription process (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of semi-conservative DNA replication?

Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?

Ensuring the correct assembly of amino acids into proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a recessive allele?

Expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Sanger sequencing method in molecular biology?

Determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

DNA replication involves the unwinding of the double helix and the synthesis of new complementary strands from the existing template strands. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

In the case of codominance, the phenotype exhibits characteristics of both alleles in the genotype. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA methylation is correct?

DNA methylation can modify gene expression by altering the accessibility of DNA to regulatory proteins, effectively turning genes 'on' or 'off'. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

The centromere is a structural feature of chromosomes that serves as the attachment point for microtubules during cell division. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about genetic recombination is correct?

Genetic recombination is a cellular process that occurs during meiosis I, in which homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Enzymes are capable of catalyzing a wide range of biochemical reactions, each enzyme being specific to a particular reaction or substrate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

DNA is a double-stranded molecule with a sugar-phosphate backbone and complementary base pairing between nucleotides. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cell surface antigens is correct?

Cell surface antigens are proteins found specifically on the surface of red blood cells and play a crucial role in blood typing and transfusion compatibility. (D) Signup and view all the answers