Biology Vocabulary and Short Answer Questions

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What is the main reason viruses are not considered living things?

They do not exhibit all the characteristics of living organisms (correct)

They lack genetic material

They cannot reproduce on their own

They are not composed of cells

How do antibiotics work and on what type of organisms?

They inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotic organisms (correct)

They disrupt the cell wall of eukaryotic organisms

They prevent the formation of spores in fungi

They interfere with DNA replication in viruses

They block cellular respiration in unicellular eukaryotes

What are the four factors that are used to group organisms into Kingdoms?

Habitat, nutrition, reproduction, and genetic material

Cellular structure, nutrition, reproduction, and genetic material (correct)

Nutrition, taxonomic divisions, genetic material, and habitat

Cellular structure, taxonomic divisions, reproduction, and habitat

How many Domains are there and can you name them?

There are 3 Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

How are organisms scientifically named according to binomial nomenclature?

Using a two-part Latin name composed of the genus and species names Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

The lytic cycle results in cell lysis and the release of new virus particles while the lysogenic cycle does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA?

Storing and transmitting genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Meiosis?

To produce gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell Signup and view all the answers

What are the base pairings according to Chargaff’s rule?

Adenine - Thymine, Guanine - Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What is Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection?

Individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce Signup and view all the answers

What defines a species?

The ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term vestigial structure?

Structures that have lost their original function in the course of evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

Homologous structures indicate common ancestry, while analogous structures do not Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of divergent and convergent evolution.

'Divergent evolution' describes the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to speciation, while 'convergent evolution' describes the independent development of similar traits in closely related species Signup and view all the answers