Biology: Vocabulary and Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Binomial Nomenclature = The scientific system of giving a genus and species name to each plant and animal Natural Selection = Organisms that are better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce Adaptation = A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment and reproduce Genetic Variation = Genetic differences between individuals or populations

Match the following reproduction methods with their descriptions:

Sexual Reproduction = The production of a new living organism by two parents Asexual Reproduction = A type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism Binary Fission = A cell dividing into two cells after duplicating its genetic material breaks off Budding = An organism forming a growth that develops into a genetically identical organism and then organism

Match the following cell structures with their functions:

Nucleus = Controls the activities of the cell Cell Wall = Rigid layer surrounding a plant cell that provides support, strength, and shape (plant cell only) Environments Vocabulary Taxonomy = The classification and naming of organisms in an ordered system Offspring = The organism or organisms resulting from sexual or asexual reproduction

Match the following cell organelles with their functions:

Mitochondria = Produces the energy needed for the cell to carry out its functions Golgi Bodies = Packages and distributes materials to other parts of the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum = Passageways in the cell that carry materials from one part of the cell to another Vacuole = The storage area of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following genetic terms with their definitions:

Inherited Trait = A trait that an organism is born with that is obtained from parents or ancestors Acquired Trait = A trait that an organism obtains during its lifetime through its environment Gene = A segment of DNA that has the code for a specific trait Chromosome = The location where genetic information is stored within the nucleus of a cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following levels of organization with their descriptions:

Cell = The basic unit of life Tissue = A group of similar cells that do the same sort of work Organ = A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function Organ System = A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental terms with their functions:

Cell Membrane = Controls what comes in and out of the cell Cytoplasm = Thick gel-like fluid inside the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane Chloroplast = Contains chlorophyll and makes food from sunlight (plant cell only) DNA = Long chains of molecules that make up chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organism characteristics with their definitions:

Prokaryote = An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles Eukaryote = An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles Unicellular = An organism that is made up of only one cell Multicellular = An organism that is made up of many cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organism feeding types with their definitions:

Autotroph = An organism that is able to produce its own food through the process of photosynthesis Heterotroph = An organism that must consume other organisms in order to obtain energy Omnivore = An organism that consumes both plants and animals Herbivore = An organism that consumes only plants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body systems with their functions:

Circulatory = Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body and removes CO2 and other waste products Respiratory = Supplies the blood with oxygen for delivery to all parts of the body Skeletal = Provides support, movement, protection, blood cell production, and calcium storage Muscular = Responsible for the movement of the human body Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body systems with their descriptions:

Digestive = Breaks down food into tiny molecules to allow the body to absorb nutrients Excretory = Removes wastes that can cause toxic build-up and lead to diseases or death Reproductive = Produces eggs or sperm and nourishes offspring until birth Integumentary = Acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organ systems with their functions:

Nervous = Controls and transmits signals between different parts of the body Endocrine = Glands that secrete hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, sleep, and reproduction Immune = Protects the body from infections and diseases Lymphatic = Helps maintain fluid balance in the body and is part of the immune system Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Photosynthesis = The process by which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy Metabolism = The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life Homeostasis = The ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes Adaptation = A change or process of change by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Classification and Naming

Taxonomy: the classification and naming of organisms in an ordered system
Binomial Nomenclature: the scientific system of giving a genus and species name to each plant and animal

Evolution and Adaptation

Natural Selection: organisms that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
Charles Darwin: the naturalist known for his contributions to the theory of evolution by natural selection
Adaptation: a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment and reproduce
Selective Breeding: the intentional breeding of two individuals to produce offspring with favorable characteristics

Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction: the production of a new living organism by two parents
Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism
Offspring: the organism or organisms resulting from sexual or asexual reproduction
Gamete: the male or female reproductive cell that contains half the genetic material of the organism
Genetic Variation: genetic differences between individuals or populations

Cell Structure and Function

Binary Fission: a cell dividing into two cells after duplicating its genetic material breaks off
Budding: an organism forming a growth that develops into a genetically identical organism
Fragmentation: an organism splits into pieces and each piece develops into a genetically identical organism
Plant and Animal Cells: different structures, with plant cells having a cell wall and chloroplasts
Nucleus: controls the activities of the cell
Cell Wall: rigid layer surrounding a plant cell that provides support, strength, and shape
Cell Membrane: controls what comes in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm: thick gel-like fluid inside the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Mitochondria: produces the energy needed for the cell to carry out its functions
Golgi Bodies: packages and distributes materials to other parts of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum: passageways in the cell that carry materials from one part of the cell to another
Vacuole: the storage area of the cell
Chloroplast: contains chlorophyll and makes food from sunlight (plant cell only)

Characteristics of Organisms

Prokaryote: an organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles
Eukaryote: an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles
Unicellular: an organism that is made up of only one cell
Multicellular: an organism that is made up of many cells
Autotroph: an organism that is able to produce its own food through the process of photosynthesis
Heterotroph: an organism that must consume other organisms in order to obtain energy

Body Systems

Circulatory: transports oxygen and nutrients to the body and removes CO2 and other waste products
Respiratory: supplies the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body
Skeletal: provides support, movement, protection, blood cell production, and calcium storage
Muscular: responsible for the movement of the human body
Digestive: breaks down food into tiny molecules to allow the body to absorb nutrients
Excretory: removes wastes that can cause toxic build up and lead to diseases or death
Reproductive: produces eggs or sperm and nourishes offspring until birth
Integumentary: acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world
Nervous: controls and transmits signals between different parts of the body
Endocrine: glands that secrete hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, sleep, and reproduction

Genetics

Inherited Trait: a trait that an organism is born with that is obtained from parents or ancestors
Acquired Trait: a trait that an organism obtains during its lifetime through its environment
Gregor Mendel: Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity; known as the "Father of Genetics"
Genetics: the scientific study of heredity
Heredity: the process in which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring
Gene: a segment of DNA that has the code for a specific trait
Chromosome: the location where genetic information is stored within the nucleus of a cell
DNA: long chains of molecules that make up chromosomes

Levels of Organization

Cell: the basic unit of life
Tissue: a group of similar cells that do the same sort of work
Organ: a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organ System: a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organism: the highest level of organization, consisting of one or more organ systems