Biology Unit 1: Diversity of Life

Unit 1: Diversity

• Six kingdoms for classifying living things are listed.
• Levels of organization are described, from kingdom to species.
• Binomial nomenclature is defined.
• Carl Linnaeus is mentioned.
• Dichotomous keys are explained.
• The lifecycle of a DNA virus is illustrated (drawing/labeling required).
• Differences between DNA and RNA viruses are highlighted.
• Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells are compared.
• Definitions of coccus, bacillus, streptococcus, and spirillum are given.
• Three examples of beneficial bacteria are listed.
• Bacteria's growth and reproduction requirements are described.
• Methods to inhibit bacterial growth are mentioned.
• The methods of sexual and asexual bacterial reproduction are outlined.
• Three methods of protist movement are explained.
• Protists' energy sources are discussed.
• Methods of protist reproduction are examined.
• Three examples of useful fungi and their characteristics are described.
• Definitions of mycelium and hypha are given.

Unit 2: Genetics

• Defining chromosome, chromatin, sister chromatids, and homologous chromosomes.
• Structure and function of DNA is elaborated.
• Mitosis and meiosis are differentiated (with a chart and diagrams recommended).
• Definitions of karyotype, nondisjunction, synapsis (tetrad), mutation, random assortment, phenotype/genotype, homozygous/heterozygous, allele/gene, hybrid/pure bred, dominant/recessive are given.
• Examples of genetic problems (incomplete, dominance, multiple alleles, co-dominance, sex-linked) are recommended.
• Definitions of pedigree, gene therapy, test cross, and inbreeding are given.

Unit 3: Evolution

• Six lines of evolutionary evidence are listed.
• Homologous, analogous, and vestigial features are distinguished.
• Types of natural selection: directional, stabilizing, and disruptive.
• Differences between convergent and divergent evolution are explained.
• Darwin's work before The Origin of Species is discussed.
• Four reproductive isolating mechanisms are listed.
• Five conditions for a population to be in equilibrium are detailed.

Unit 4: Systems (Digestion)

• Six nutrients are summarized.
• Chemical indicators (iodine, Benedict's, and Biuret's) are summarized in a chart format.
• Three digestive system disorders are described.
• A hamburger's digestive pathway is outlined, including stages and structures.
• The lock and key enzyme model is described. Three enzyme features are mentioned.
• Three examples of enzymes and their substrates are provided.
• Definitions of peristalsis, colonoscopy, sphincter, chime, bolus, epiglottis, rugae, and villi are given.

Unit 5: Respiration, Circulation, and Plants

• Features of a good gas exchange surface are discussed.

• The effect of air passing through the nasal passages is elaborated.

• Respiratory structures (for inhalation/exhalation) are indicated.

• Respiratory volumes (vital capacity, residual volume, tidal volume, IRV, and ERV) are defined.

• Control mechanisms of inhalation/exhalation, including the role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles, and pressure/volume changes are elaborated.

• Factors affecting breathing rate are listed.

• Three respiratory system health problems are described.

• Blood functions and blood types are described.

• Blood components and their functions are given.

• Blood pressure definition/measurement and variability are explained.

• A red blood cell's path from the superior vena cava to the aorta is traced.

• How the heart beats (SA node and AV node) is described.

• Differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries are explained.

• The tissue for water transport in plants and its overcoming gravity is mentioned.

• Source-to-Sink sugar flow in plants is described.

• Differences between monocot and dicot stem, roots, and leaves are differentiated.

• Guard cell function and mechanics are described.

• Three root functions are listed.

• Seed dispersal methods are explained.

• Components of a seed are noted.

Explore the fascinating world of living organisms in this quiz focused on Diversity. You'll learn about the six kingdoms of life, the intricacies of classifying organisms, and the essential contributions of Carl Linnaeus. Additionally, it covers the differences between viruses, the growth requirements of bacteria, and the unique characteristics of fungi and protists.