Biodiversity and Classification Principles

Biodiversity (حياتياتي فرق)

• Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth.
• It includes all types of organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals.
• Biodiversity is important for many reasons, including providing food, medicine, and other resources.
• It also helps maintain a healthy environment.

Aims and Principles of Classification (درجي بندي جا اصول و مقصد)

• Classification is important to understand the diversity of life.
• Scientists categorize different organisms based on various features.
• Classification groups similar organisms together in different ranks (Kingdoms, Phyla, Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, and Species).
• Features like structure, evolutionary relationships, and chemical compositions are considered.

Principles of Classification

• Organisms are sometimes classified based on similar structures and functions, known as homologous structures.
• Structures with different underlying structures, evolving from completely different original structures, but serving similar functions, are called analogous structures.
• Sometimes, classifying organisms based on their physical similarities might be difficult, so scientists investigate their cellular, genetic and chemical features.

Taxonomic Hierarchy (جنس يا صنف بندي جي درجي بندي)

• Taxonomic hierarchy is a system of classifying organisms based on shared characteristics.
• Organisms are grouped into increasingly specific categories: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
• Each category contains more specific groups.

Units of Classification (درجي بندي جا ايكا)

• The basic unit of classification is the species.
• Related species are grouped into genera.
• Related genera are grouped into families.
• Classification progressively broadens from species to kingdoms.

Simple Classification of Two Organisms (بن جاندارن جي سادي درجي بندي)

• A table is provided showing the classification of humans and plants.
• Humans belong to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Primates, family Hominidae, genus Homo, and species sapiens.
• Plants belong to the kingdom Plantae, phylum Tracheophyta.

History of Classification (درجي بندي جي تاريخ)

• Aristotle is considered the founder of early biological classification.
• Carl Linnaeus established a more systematic approach to biological classification.
• Early classification systems grouped organisms into plants and animals.
• Modern systems use detailed information to organize organisms into various classifications.

Two Kingdom Classification (بن كنگدمس جي درجي بندي)

• A past system of classifying organisms into two kingdoms: animals and plants.
• Organisms with cell walls were placed in the plant kingdom.
• Organisms without cell walls were classified as animals.

حياتياتي فرق ۽ درجي بندي جا اصول جي سمجهاڻي. هي آزمائش مختلف جاندارن جي نوعيت ۽ تنظيم جي بنياد تي تصنيف جي اصولن کي سمجھڻ ۾ مددگار ثابت ٿيندي. جاندارن جي خصوصيتن ۽ ان جي اهميت کي سمجهڻ لاءِ مناسب وسائل فراهم ڪري ٿي.