Biology: True/False statements
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Questions and Answers

During which process is proofreading primarily utilized to enhance accuracy?

  • Transcription
  • Recombination
  • DNA replication (correct)
  • Electron transport
  • Peptide bond formation

Which of the following is NOT classified as an organelle within a cell?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Chlorophyll (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Chloroplast
  • Lysosome

Identify the INCORRECT association from the following pairings.

  • DNA: uracil
  • RNA: replication
  • RNA: ribose sugars
  • mRNA: picks up amino acids
  • RNA: thymine (correct)

Which observation provides the strongest evidence that genes encode the amino acid sequence of proteins?

<p>The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is changed by gene mutation. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a tRNA anticodon for valine is CAA (3' to 5'), what is the corresponding mRNA codon for valine, read in the standard 5' to 3' direction?

<p>GUU (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the original source of the oxygen released during photosynthesis?

<p>water (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify which of the following is NOT categorized as a lipid derivative.

<p>Albumins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical function or characteristic associated with proteins?

<p>They contain genetic information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

<p>ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is glycolysis biochemically connected to the Krebs cycle?

<p>Via pyruvate, a product of glycolysis that enters the Krebs cycle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is present in eukaryotes but absent in prokaryotes?

<p>Nuclear membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells involved in active transport, such as intestinal epithelium cells, require a large quantity of ATP?

<p>To power the movement of molecules against their concentration gradients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process specifically involves the engulfment of large particulate matter?

<p>Phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is primarily responsible for holding the two strands of DNA together in a double helix?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate regarding enzymes?

<p>The activity of enzymes remains constant regardless of genetic mutations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly pairs a cellular organelle with its primary function?

<p>Lysosome: digestive enzyme for intracellular use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nitrogenous bases belongs to a different chemical category than the others?

<p>Arginine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding viruses?

<p>Viruses can autonomously replicate without a host cell. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to theories about the origin of life, what do purines, pyrimidines, sugars, and phosphates combine to form?

<p>Nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pyruvate's Role

Links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle.

Mitochondria in Active Cells

Cells using active transport need lots of energy, hence many mitochondria.

Phagocytosis

Cell engulfing large particles.

Hydrogen Bonds in DNA

Holds the two DNA strands together.

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Enzyme Activity & Mutations

Enzymes are affected by mutations.

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Lysosome Function

Digestive enzymes for intracellular use.

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Arginine's Category

An amino acid, unlike the other nucleotide bases listed.

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Virus Replication

Viruses need a host to replicate.

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Nucleotides

Building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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Krebs Cycle Products

The Krebs cycle produces crucial nucleotides such as NADH and FADH2.

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DNA Replication Proofreading

A process that checks and corrects errors during DNA synthesis, ensuring accurate replication of the genetic code.

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Organelle vs. Pigment

Structures within cells that perform specific functions; chlorophyll is a pigment, not a compartment.

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RNA Composition

RNA contains ribose sugars, not thymine; mRNA carries genetic information to ribosomes, it doesn't pick up amino acids.

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Gene-Protein Relationship

Changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins due to gene mutations provide strong evidence that genes encode protein sequences.

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mRNA Codon for Valine

The mRNA codon is the complementary sequence to the tRNA anticodon, with uracil (U) in place of thymine (T).

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Source of Photosynthetic Oxygen

During photosynthesis, water molecules are split to provide electrons, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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Albumins

Albumins are proteins found in blood and other tissues, not lipid derivatives.

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Proteins store what?

Proteins do not contain genetic information; that is the role of DNA and RNA.

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Rough ER

The rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.

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Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane surrounding their genetic material, while prokaryotic cells do not.

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Study Notes

  • DNA replication uses proofreading to increase accuracy.
  • Chlorophyll is not an organelle.
  • DNA is associated with uracil.
  • RNA picks up amino acids.
  • The best evidence that genes encode the amino acid sequence of proteins is that the amino acid sequence of polypeptides is changed by gene mutation.
  • The tRNA anticodon for the amino acid valine is CAA (reading 3' to 5'), the mRNA codon for valine (reading 5' to 3') is GUU.
  • The source of oxygen given off in photosynthesis comes from water.
  • Albumins are not a lipid derivative.
  • A characteristic that is not a characteristic of proteins is that they contain genetic information.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum due to the presence of ribosomes.
  • The nuclear membrane is found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.
  • The statement regarding photosynthesis that isn't true is that the dark cycle occurs only in the absence of light.
  • The statement about the Krebs cycle that is untrue is that the Krebs cycle is the single greatest direct source of ATP in the cell.
  • Cells involved in active transport, like intestinal epithelium cells, use large quantities of ATP, and these cells contain many mitochondria.
  • Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs large particulate matter.
  • The basis for the pairing of the two strands of DNA in the double helix is hydrogen bonding.
  • The statement about enzymes that is untrue is that the activity of enzymes is unaffected by genetic mutation.
  • A correct association is that the lysosome is a digestive enzyme for intracellular use.
  • Arginine is in a different chemical category than the others.
  • The false statement about viruses is that the virus can replicate autonomously in the absence of a host.
  • In the speculation concerning the origins of life, one theory states that purines, pyrimidines, sugars, and phosphates combined to form nucleotides.

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Description

A series of true/false statements. Topics covered include: DNA replication, chlorophyll, DNA and RNA, genes and proteins, tRNA, photosynthesis, albumins, protein characteristics, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, Krebs cycle.

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