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Questions and Answers
Why does DNA need to replicate before cells divide?
Why does DNA need to replicate before cells divide?
So that each cell has a full copy of DNA
Total number of deoxyribose (sugar) in the image?
Total number of deoxyribose (sugar) in the image?
6
Total number of nitrogenous bases in the image?
Total number of nitrogenous bases in the image?
6
Total number of hydrogen bonds in the image?
Total number of hydrogen bonds in the image?
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What is phosphate depicted as in the DNA diagram?
What is phosphate depicted as in the DNA diagram?
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What is helicase?
What is helicase?
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What is DNA polymerase?
What is DNA polymerase?
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What is primase?
What is primase?
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What is ligase?
What is ligase?
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What does helicase do in the DNA replication process?
What does helicase do in the DNA replication process?
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What does primase tell polymerase?
What does primase tell polymerase?
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What does polymerase do in DNA replication?
What does polymerase do in DNA replication?
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What does ligase do with the fragments of DNA?
What does ligase do with the fragments of DNA?
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Explain what is meant by the 'lagging' strand and why this occurs.
Explain what is meant by the 'lagging' strand and why this occurs.
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Study Notes
DNA Replication Overview
- DNA replication ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
- Before cell division, replication provides a full copy of DNA to daughter cells.
Key Components of DNA
- Deoxyribose Sugar: Essential sugar in DNA, appears 6 times in the provided diagram.
- Nitrogenous Bases: Fundamental components of DNA, also represented 6 times in the diagram.
- Phosphate Groups: Illustrated as green circles in DNA structures, linking the sugar molecules.
DNA Replication Enzymes
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Helicase:
- Enzyme responsible for unwinding the double-stranded DNA.
- Breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases to separate strands.
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DNA Polymerase:
- Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
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Primase:
- Creates an RNA primer that signals DNA polymerase where to initiate synthesis of new DNA.
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Ligase:
- Joins DNA fragments together, sealing gaps between newly synthesized strands.
DNA Replication Steps
- Helicase unzips the two strands of DNA to prepare for replication.
- Primase lays down primers to guide the starting point for DNA polymerase.
- DNA polymerase constructs new DNA strands by utilizing the original template.
- Ligase connects any broken pieces of DNA, ensuring a continuous strand.
Lagging Strand
- The lagging strand is synthesized more slowly as it replicates in the opposite direction of the replication fork.
- This strand requires multiple primers and is built in short fragments, resulting in more complex replication.
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Description
Test your understanding of DNA replication with this quiz based on the Amoeba Sisters video recap. Answer questions related to the components of DNA and its replication process. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their knowledge of genetics.
