DNA Replication Diagram Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the function of Single Stranded Binding Protein?

Connects two fragments of DNA

Synthesizes new DNA

Unwinds the DNA double helix

Binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA (correct)

What is helicase?

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.

Define Okazaki fragment.

Short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3' to 5' direction by DNA polymerase.

What is the leading strand in DNA replication?

The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction. Signup and view all the answers

What does topoisomerase do?

Corrects 'overwinding' ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of primase?

An enzyme that creates a short RNA primer for initiation of DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

What is an RNA primer?

Short segment of RNA used to initiate synthesis of a new strand of DNA during replication. Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA polymerase on the leading strand synthesize DNA?

Synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ligase?

An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the lagging strand in DNA replication?

The strand in replication that is copied 3' to 5' as Okazaki fragments and then joined up. Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA polymerase on the lagging strand synthesize DNA?

Synthesizes new DNA only in the 3' to 5' direction. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA Replication Key Components

Single-Stranded Binding Protein: Stabilizes and protects single-stranded DNA to prevent premature re-annealing during replication.
Helicase: Unwinds the DNA double helix, creating two separate strands for replication.
Primase: Synthesizes a short RNA primer necessary for starting DNA strand synthesis.

DNA Synthesis Mechanisms

Leading Strand: Continuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, allowing smooth elongation alongside the template strand.
Lagging Strand: Synthesized discontinuously in short segments known as Okazaki fragments, in the 3' to 5' direction, later joined together.
Okazaki Fragments: Short segments formed during lagging strand synthesis, requiring ligation to create a continuous DNA strand.

Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication

DNA Polymerase (Leading Strand): Responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand exclusively in the 5' to 3' direction.
DNA Polymerase (Lagging Strand): Works on Okazaki fragments, synthesizing DNA in the 3' to 5' direction, but the fragments are assembled into the growing strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
Ligase: Connects and seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous DNA strand.
Topoisomerase: Relieves the stress of supercoiling by making temporary cuts in the DNA, allowing it to unwind and rejoin after replication progresses.

RNA in DNA Replication

RNA Primer: Initial segment of RNA synthesized by primase that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin replication.

Description

Test your knowledge on the key components of DNA replication with this labeling diagram quiz. Each card provides important terms and definitions relevant to the replication process. Perfect for biology students at any level!