Biology Terminology and Definitions Quiz

Adenosine triphosphate

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes.

<p>A naturally abundant nonmetallic element that occurs in many inorganic and all organic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that causes or hastens a chemical reaction; any agent that causes change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains DNA and RNA and is responsible for growth and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which a cell becomes specialized in order to perform a specific function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electrical force linking atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism that eats other organisms or organic matter instead of producing its own nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The act of dispersing or diffusing something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trait that covers up the other form of the trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number and frequency of alleles that are present in a particular population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by complex biological mechanisms to offset disrupting changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how some traits appear and others disappear in the process of heredity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical process in which a compound is broken down by taking up the elements of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide evenly, forming two daughter nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The center of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism that can make its own food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trait that is apparent when two recessive alleles for the characteristic are inherited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Workers concentrate on producing those goods and services for which they have a competitive advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step in the movement of energy through an ecosystem; an organism's feeding status in an ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers