Podcast
Questions and Answers
The two molecules shown are ______ of each other.
The two molecules shown are ______ of each other.
- a and ẞ forms
- cis-trans isomers (correct)
- optical isomers
- structural isomers
- radioisotopes
Which of the following answers correctly list the events below in chronological order, from earliest to most recent?
I. evolution of eukaryotes
II. evolution of multicellularity
III. evolution of photosynthesis
IV. evolution of prokaryotes
V. evolution of aerobic metabolism
Which of the following answers correctly list the events below in chronological order, from earliest to most recent? I. evolution of eukaryotes II. evolution of multicellularity III. evolution of photosynthesis IV. evolution of prokaryotes V. evolution of aerobic metabolism
- IV, III, I, V, II
- I, II, III, IV, V
- IV, I, III, V, II (correct)
- IV, I, II, III, V
- I, IV, V, III, II
The presence of the amino acid _____ allows a protein to be flexible at that position.
The presence of the amino acid _____ allows a protein to be flexible at that position.
glycine
Nucleic acids elongate at the ______ end of the polymer.
Nucleic acids elongate at the ______ end of the polymer.
Animals use ______ to store glucose in the liver and muscles.
Animals use ______ to store glucose in the liver and muscles.
Which of the functional groups below contribute(s) to the secondary structure of a protein?
Which of the functional groups below contribute(s) to the secondary structure of a protein?
Protocells relied on ______ to store information and ______ to catalyze reactions.
Protocells relied on ______ to store information and ______ to catalyze reactions.
In which of the following would you expect to find saturated fatty acids?
In which of the following would you expect to find saturated fatty acids?
Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond?
Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of a carbohydrate in a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of a carbohydrate in a cell?
Miller and Urey's experiment in the 1950s successfully modeled the abiotic production of
Miller and Urey's experiment in the 1950s successfully modeled the abiotic production of
When did life appear on Earth?
When did life appear on Earth?
A cell 100 µm in diameter is:
A cell 100 µm in diameter is:
What product is missing from the reaction? (i.e., represented by the “?”)
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
What product is missing from the reaction? (i.e., represented by the “?”) C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
Which molecule is said to be oxidized during the reaction?
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
Which molecule is said to be oxidized during the reaction? C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
Which molecule acts as a reducing agent during the reaction?
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
Which molecule acts as a reducing agent during the reaction? C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
The image below was captured with ______ microscopy.
The image below was captured with ______ microscopy.
Which of the following can be unicellular?
Which of the following can be unicellular?
______ occurs in the nucleolus.
______ occurs in the nucleolus.
Slow and moderate heating of a protein will affect ______ bonding and disrupt the ______ structure of the molecule.
Slow and moderate heating of a protein will affect ______ bonding and disrupt the ______ structure of the molecule.
Ribosomes are complexes of:
Ribosomes are complexes of:
During which of the following processes does mutation occur?
During which of the following processes does mutation occur?
Name the bond that would form from a condensation reaction involving the highlighted parts of the two molecules shown below:
Name the bond that would form from a condensation reaction involving the highlighted parts of the two molecules shown below:
In which of the following places would we expect to observe RNA?
In which of the following places would we expect to observe RNA?
Fossilized stromatolites are the oldest record of ______ life on Earth.
Fossilized stromatolites are the oldest record of ______ life on Earth.
The reason that RNA can form a structure like a ribozyme, but DNA cannot, is because:
The reason that RNA can form a structure like a ribozyme, but DNA cannot, is because:
Which of the following attractive forces has the greatest energy?
Which of the following attractive forces has the greatest energy?
Unless natural pigments are present, there is little contrast and the details of a cell are not distinguished using ______ microscopy.
Unless natural pigments are present, there is little contrast and the details of a cell are not distinguished using ______ microscopy.
Which of the following functional groups is/are acidic?
Which of the following functional groups is/are acidic?
Which of the following could change the shape of a protein inside a cell?
Which of the following could change the shape of a protein inside a cell?
Which of the following are branched?
Which of the following are branched?
Which of the following elements has the greatest electronegativity?
Which of the following elements has the greatest electronegativity?
Base pairing occurs between:
Base pairing occurs between:
Solid mineral surfaces such as clays played an important role in which step towards the origin of life?
Solid mineral surfaces such as clays played an important role in which step towards the origin of life?
Which of the following structures is NOT used for adherence?
Which of the following structures is NOT used for adherence?
Why is hydrogen's mass number 1, but its atomic weight 1.00794?
Why is hydrogen's mass number 1, but its atomic weight 1.00794?
An ester linkage joins:
An ester linkage joins:
Which of the following molecules will raise the pH of a solution if added?
Which of the following molecules will raise the pH of a solution if added?
DNA is not directly involved in:
DNA is not directly involved in:
Which pair of amino acids listed below can form an ionic bond?
Which pair of amino acids listed below can form an ionic bond?
Which of the following statements correctly interprets the bar graph below?
Which of the following statements correctly interprets the bar graph below?
Which of the following organisms is/are multicellular?
Which of the following organisms is/are multicellular?
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of:
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of:
Evolution results in changes of the genetic makeup of ______ through time.
Evolution results in changes of the genetic makeup of ______ through time.
Which amino acid possesses a modified amino group?
Which amino acid possesses a modified amino group?
Most organisms:
Most organisms:
______ groups on glycerol form ester linkages with fatty acids.
______ groups on glycerol form ester linkages with fatty acids.
Which of the following is unstable and will spontaneously release energy?
Which of the following is unstable and will spontaneously release energy?
Which of the following is/are directly involved in both transcription AND translation?
Which of the following is/are directly involved in both transcription AND translation?
Ice is less dense than water due to:
Ice is less dense than water due to:
Please identify the labeled components of the cell depicted below. Match the numbered component to one of the terms in the list.
Please identify the labeled components of the cell depicted below. Match the numbered component to one of the terms in the list.
To which domain does the depicted cell belong?
To which domain does the depicted cell belong?
To which domain do the largest cells belong?
To which domain do the largest cells belong?
Flashcards
Structural isomers
Structural isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
Cis-trans isomers
Cis-trans isomers
Isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond.
3' end of polymer
3' end of polymer
Last step in nucleic acid elongation
Energy Storage in Animals
Energy Storage in Animals
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Functional groups for protein structure
Functional groups for protein structure
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Protocells
Protocells
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Flexible amino acid
Flexible amino acid
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Saturated fatty acids location
Saturated fatty acids location
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Polar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
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Carbohydrate Functions
Carbohydrate Functions
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Miller and Urey experiment
Miller and Urey experiment
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Life on Earth
Life on Earth
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Cell micrometer size
Cell micrometer size
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Combustion missing product
Combustion missing product
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Molecule oxidized
Molecule oxidized
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Study Notes
- Summarized study notes from the provided document.
Isomers
- Molecules shown are cis-trans isomers of each other.
Chronological Order of Evolutionary Events
- The correct chronological order, from earliest to most recent:
- Evolution of prokaryotes
- Evolution of eukaryotes
- Evolution of photosynthesis
- Evolution of multicellularity
- Evolution of aerobic metabolism
Amino Acid Flexibility
- Glycine is the amino acid that allows a protein to be flexible at a given position
Nucleic Acid Elongation
- Nucleic acids elongate at the 3' end of the polymer.
Glycogen
- Animals use glycogen to store glucose in the liver and muscles.
Protein Secondary Structure
- Amino groups contribute to the secondary structure of a protein.
Protocells
- Protocells relied on RNA to store information and protein to catalyze reactions.
Saturated Fatty Acids
- Saturated fatty acids are expected to be found in butter.
Polar Covalent Bond
- Water (H2O) contains a polar covalent bond.
Carbohydrate Function
- Acting as a catalyst is not a major function of a carbohydrate in a cell.
Miller and Urey's Experiment
- Amino acids were successfully produced abiotically in Miller and Urey's experiment in the 1950s
Life on Earth
- Life appeared on Earth a little less than 4 billion years ago.
Cell Size
- A cell 100 µm in diameter is most likely eukaryotic
Reaction Product
- Heat is a product missing from the reaction C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + ?
Oxidation
- C3H8 is said to be oxidized during the reaction
Reducing Agent
- C3H8 acts as a reducing agent during the reaction.
Microscopy
- The image shown in the document was captured with transmission electron microscopy.
Unicellularity
- Archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes can be unicellular.
Nucleolus
- Ribosome production occurs in the nucleolus.
Protein Heating
- Slow and moderate heating of a protein will affect hydrogen bonding and disrupt the tertiary structure of the molecule
Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are complexes of RNA and protein.
Mutation
- Mutation occurs during genome replication.
Condensation Reaction Bond
- A Beta-1,4 glycosidic bond would form from a condensation reaction involving the highlighted parts of the two molecules shown.
RNA Location
- RNA can be found in eukaryotic cytoplasm, prokaryotic cytoplasm, the nucleoid, and the nucleus.
Fossilized Stromatolites
- Fossilized stromatolites are the oldest record of prokaryotic life on Earth
Ribozymes
- RNA can form a structure like a ribozyme, but DNA cannot, because RNA includes ribose and is single stranded.
Attractive Forces
- An ionic bond has the greatest energy of the listed attractive forces
Microscopy and Natural Pigments
- Unless natural pigments are present, there is little contrast, and the details of a cell are not distinguished using bright-field, scanning electron, or transmission electron microscopy.
Acidic Functional Groups
- A carboxyl group is an acidic functional group
Protein Shape
- A change in pH inside the cell, binding of the protein to another protein, adding a chemical group to an amino acid that is part of a protein, and a high concentration of nonpolar molecules inside the cell could all change the shape of a protein inside a cell
Branched Molecules
- Starch and glycogen are branched molecules.
Electronegativity
- Oxygen has the greatest electronegativity of all elements listed
Base Pairing
- Base pairing occurs between two strands of DNA, a strand of DNA and a strand of RNA, two strands of RNA, and different regions of one strand of RNA
Origin of Life
- Solid mineral surfaces such as clays played an important role in the abiotic synthesis of monomers towards the origin of life
Adherence Structures
- The flagellum is not used for adherence
Hydrogen Mass
- Hydrogen's mass number is 1, but its atomic weight 1.00794 because different forms of hydrogen exist that vary in neutron number.
Ester Linkage
- An ester linkage joins a fatty acid to another fatty acid, a phosphate to a fatty acid, a glycerol to a fatty acid a glucose to fructose
pH Increase
- NaOH will raise the pH of a solution if added.
DNA Involvement
- DNA is not directly involved in translation
Ionic Bond
- Aspartic acid and arginine can form an ionic bond
Graph Interpretation
- % oxygen is lower at a high pH, according to the bar graph
Multicellular Organisms
- A mushroom is a multicellular organism
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
- Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA, chromatin, and protein.
Evolution
- Evolution results in changes in the genetic makeup of populations through time.
Modified Amino Group
- Lysine possesses a modified amino group.
Most Organisms
- Most organisms use a universal molecular code to build proteins.
Ester Linkages
- Hydroxyl groups on glycerol form ester linkages with fatty acids.
Spontaneous Release of Energy
- Carbon -14 will spontaneously release energy.
Transcription and Translation
- RNA and protein are directly involved in both transcription and translation.
Ice Density
- Ice is less dense than water due to hydrogen bonding.
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