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Isomers of Monosaccharides Quiz
50 Questions
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Isomers of Monosaccharides Quiz

Created by
@BrighterMandolin

Questions and Answers

What type of isomer are fructose and glucose considered?

  • Structural isomers (correct)
  • Functional isomers
  • Stereoisomers
  • Enantiomers

    • Galactose is a type of structural isomer.

    False

    What is the molecular formula for glucose?

    C6H12O6

    Fructose, glucose, and galactose all share the same molecular formula, which is ______.

    <p>C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each monosaccharide with its classification:

    <p>Fructose = Structural isomer Glucose = Structural isomer Galactose = Stereoisomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbohydrates serves as an energy source?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is primarily used for structural support in organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carbohydrate is known for its structural role in plants?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oligosaccharides are involved in ___ communication.

    <p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following carbohydrates with their main function:

    <p>Starch = Energy Storage Cellulose = Structural Role Glycogen = Energy Storage Ribose = Cellular Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disaccharides are made up of three simple sugars.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

    <p>1:2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose has the molecular formula __________.

    <p>C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of carbohydrates with their descriptions:

    <p>Monosaccharide = 1 Simple Sugar Disaccharide = 2 Simple Sugars Polysaccharide = Complex Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are six-carbon monosaccharides?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribose and deoxyribose are structural components of proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two important five-carbon monosaccharides.

    <p>Ribose and deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monosaccharides with 6 carbons are known as ______.

    <p>hexoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each monosaccharide with its characteristic:

    <p>Glucose = Used for energy in cells Fructose = Found in fruits Galactose = Component of lactose Ribose = Essential for RNA structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar is missing an oxygen atom compared to ribose?

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribose has a hydroxyl group on every carbon atom.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for deoxyribose?

    <p>C5H10O4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sugar produced during cellular respiration and used to form RNA is called ______.

    <p>ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sugars with their properties:

    <p>Deoxyribose = Found in DNA Ribose = Found in RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids are not considered essential molecules for living organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of carbon-containing molecule essential to living organisms.

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon can form bonds with up to ___ other atoms.

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organic molecule categories with their general function:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Energy source Lipids = Stored energy Proteins = Structural and functional roles Nucleic Acids = Genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maltose is made up of one glucose and one galactose molecule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two monosaccharides that combine to form lactose?

    <p>Glucose and Galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The disaccharide maltose consists of _____ glucose molecules.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disaccharides with their components:

    <p>Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = 2 Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major group of lipids?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids are highly polar and can dissolve in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one minor component of lipids.

    <p>Phosphorus or Nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids can be dissolved in _____ organic solvents.

    <p>non-polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lipid groups with their characteristics:

    <p>Triglycerides = Energy storage Phospholipids = Cell membrane structure Steroids = Hormonal functions Glycerol = Alcohol component in triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of lipids is responsible for wrapping and protecting organs?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat soluble.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary structural role of lipids in the body?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids provide __________ as a form of energy storage.

    <p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each vitamin with its primary function:

    <p>Vit A = Retinol Vit D = Calcium uptake Vit E = Healing Vit K = Clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following polysaccharides serves as an energy source for animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans can break down cellulose and use it for energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbohydrate is primarily found in plants and consists of long chains of glucose?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is often referred to as __________.

    <p>animal starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following polysaccharides with their function:

    <p>Glycogen = Source of glucose for animals Starch = Energy source for humans Cellulose = Structural role in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Isomers of Monosaccharides

    • Structural isomers include fructose and glucose, both with the formula C6H12O6.
    • Stereoisomer example: galactose, which also shares the formula C6H12O6 but differs in structure.
    • Monosaccharides typically have 3 to 6 carbon atoms, with hexoses (6 carbons) being essential for humans.

    Key Monosaccharides

    • Glucose, fructose, and galactose are significant isomers of each other.
    • Five-carbon monosaccharides include ribose and deoxyribose, essential structural components of RNA and DNA.

    Monosaccharide Structures

    • Deoxyribose has one hydroxyl group (OH) replaced by a hydrogen (H), integral to DNA structure.
    • Ribose contains two hydroxyl groups (OH), important for RNA.

    Functions of Carbohydrates

    • Serve as energy sources (e.g., glucose).
    • Act as energy storage molecules (e.g., starch in plants, glycogen in animals).
    • Provide structural roles: cellulose in plants, chitin in animals.
    • Facilitate cell communication via oligosaccharides.

    Characteristics of Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a typical 1:2:1 ratio.
    • They are classified into monosaccharides (one sugar), disaccharides (two sugars), and polysaccharides (many sugars).

    Disaccharides

    • Formed by the union of two monosaccharides.
    • Examples:
      • Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
      • Lactose (glucose + galactose)
      • Maltose (two glucose units)

    Polysaccharides

    • Composed of many monosaccharide units.
    • Key types include:
      • Glycogen: the primary energy reserve in animals.
      • Starch: the energy storage form in plants, digestible by humans.
      • Cellulose: structural component in plant cell walls, indigestible by humans.

    Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

    • Carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, making it essential for life.
    • Organic molecules vital to organisms include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

    Overview of Lipids

    • Composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen, with lower oxygen ratios and are less polar.
    • Major lipid groups include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.

    Functions of Lipids

    • Protection of organs and insulation under the skin.
    • Regulation through hormones, such as steroids.
    • Participation in fat-soluble vitamin absorption (A, D, E, K).
    • Structure of cell membranes and provision of energy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on structural and stereoisomers of monosaccharides, including fructose, glucose, and galactose. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of their formulas and structures. Challenge yourself to identify the isomers and their characteristics!

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