Biology Scientific Method Quiz

False (B)

Induction

hypothesis-testing

<p>Descriptive science = Observations and measurements made without experimental application Biological hypothesis = A proposed explanation to be tested Prediction = A statement about what will happen in an experiment Inference = A conclusion drawn from data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They better control for confounding variables. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the effects of confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inferential Strength = The measure of how strongly results support conclusions Observational Study = A study where variables are measured without manipulation Confounding Variable = An unknown variable that may influence the results Control = An experimental procedure designed to minimize confounding effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To acquire knowledge based on evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive and hypothesis-testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help address confounding variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypothesis is a proposed explanation, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious neural defects in the developing fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical inference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rational</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falsifiable hypothesis = A hypothesis that can be proven false Statistical inference = Determining the validity of observed patterns Pseudo-science = Studies that only confirm beliefs Methodologically materialistic = Focusing only on the material world</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show that at least one deductive prediction is false. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>modify or reject their hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An explanation of a natural phenomenon that has survived multiple tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin absorbs UV light and protects against UV-induced DNA damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory = Explanation of natural phenomena with extensive testing Hypothesis = Proposed explanation to be tested Evolution = Change in species over time Melanin = Pigment in skin that absorbs UV light</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance evaporative cooling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV light can cause DNA mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A way of acquiring knowledge based on evidence collected through observation and experimentation.

Describes patterns in the natural world.

Explains patterns observed in the natural world.

These are different stages in the scientific process: Hypotheses are proposed explanations, predictions are specific statements about expected results, and theories are well-supported explanations.

Science relies on evidence and the scientific method. Non-science doesn't have these criteria.

Unwanted factors that can influence the results of an experiment.

Maintaining aspects of an experiment constant to isolate the effects of the variables being studied.

The ability to apply results from a study to broader scenarios and how strong conclusions can be drawn from the specific to broader contexts.

The process by which plants and algae produce their own food using sunlight.

A nutrient that is present in a quantity that restricts the growth of an organism (like algae).

A testable statement that explains an observation and is potentially true.

Using specific observations to make a broader or general conclusion .

A well-supported explanation of an aspect of the natural world, repeatedly tested and accepted as scientific knowledge.

The change in human skin color due to environmental pressures, like UV radiation.

Sunlight's ultraviolet rays that can cause skin damage.

A pigment produced by skin cells that absorbs UV radiation.

A disease caused by DNA mutations in skin cells, typically due to UV exposure.

A shared ancestor of two or more different species.

The process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring.

Hypotheses formulated in a way that allows them to be proven wrong based on evidence.

Predictions logically derived from a hypothesis, which can be tested.

Using statistical methods to determine if observed patterns are real or due to chance.

Using reason and logic as the primary guide for scientific inference based on evidence.

Continuously questioning hypotheses and evidence to ensure validity.

Unbiased research free from preconceived notions, beliefs, or external influences.

Limiting explanations to natural causes or phenomena.

A study where researchers actively change an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

How strongly the results of a study support the conclusions.

An experimental procedure or treatment used to minimize the impact of confounding variables.

The variable that researchers actively change in an experiment.

Folate, a crucial nutrient for DNA synthesis, is particularly important during pregnancy to support the rapid DNA replication in the developing fetus.

Folate deficiency during pregnancy can lead to anemia in the mother, serious neural defects in the fetus, and increased risk of miscarriage.

Melanin pigmentation protects against UV-induced folate breakdown, which is especially important to prevent deficiency during pregnancy.

While melanin protects against UV-induced folate breakdown, its role in protecting against skin cancer is likely minimal due to the delayed onset of the disease.

Skin cancer generally appears late in life, after reproductive age, and is usually not fatal. This makes it a weak selective pressure for increased melanin production.