Biology Review: Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

How do heterotrophs primarily acquire both the nutrients and carbon necessary for their survival and growth?

  • Via chemosynthesis, converting chemical energy into organic compounds.
  • Through the process of photosynthesis.
  • By directly absorbing inorganic compounds from the environment.
  • By consuming other organisms or organic matter. (correct)

During the day, what critical role do stomata play in the process of photosynthesis within plant leaves?

  • They facilitate the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. (correct)
  • They shield the plant from excessive sunlight exposure.
  • They offer structural fortification against external physical harm.
  • They regulate the distribution of water throughout the leaf tissue.

Within the complex process of photosynthesis, which specific pigment is indispensable for capturing solar energy, thus initiating the conversion of light energy into chemical energy?

  • Phycobilins
  • Chlorophyll a (correct)
  • Carotenoids
  • Xanthophylls

What is the biological term for the programmed cell death, a regulated process crucial for development and eliminating damaged cells?

<p>Apoptosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the cell cycle, what is the crucial regulatory role of cyclins, influencing the progression and coordination of cell division?

<p>Regulating the timing and sequence of cell cycle phases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose a plant is unable to efficiently perform gas exchange through its stomata. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence?

<p>Reduced rate of photosynthesis due to limited carbon dioxide uptake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where a plant cell's chlorophyll a is somehow impaired. What immediate effect would this have on the plant's ability to function?

<p>Less efficient capture of light energy, reducing photosynthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a culture of cells where apoptosis is inhibited. What would be the most likely long-term outcome for this cell culture?

<p>An overaccumulation of damaged or unnecessary cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a mutation affecting cyclin production impact the cell cycle's regulation?

<p>It could disrupt the timing and coordination of cell division phases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many human diseases, such as cancer, involve a dysregulation of the normal cellular processes. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly associated with the development and spread of cancer?

<p>Dysregulation of apoptosis, leading to uncontrolled cell survival and proliferation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heterotroph Food Source

Heterotrophs obtain their food and carbon from living sources.

Function of Stomata

Stomata in leaves facilitate gas exchange.

Key Plant Pigment

Chlorophyll a is the key light-capturing pigment in plants.

Cellular Suicide

Apoptosis is the process when a cell receives instructions to die.

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Role of Cyclins

Cyclins regulate the cell cycle.

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Study Notes

  • Heterotrophs obtain their food and carbon from living sources.
  • Stomata in leaves facilitate gas exchange.
  • Chlorophyll a is the key light-capturing pigment in plants.
  • Apoptosis is the process when a cell receives instructions to die.
  • Cyclins regulate the cell cycle.

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