Biology Quiz: Reproduction of Organisms

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of external fertilization?

  • It occurs primarily in terrestrial environments.
  • It allows offspring to receive direct nutritional support from the mother.
  • It is only found in mammals.
  • It involves both male and female organisms releasing gametes into water. (correct)

What defines oviparity in internal fertilization?

  • Offspring are born live without egg casing.
  • Eggs are retained until just before the offspring hatch.
  • Fertilized eggs are laid outside and nourished by yolk. (correct)
  • Nourishment is provided solely by the mother after birth.

What is the main difference between ovoviviparity and viviparity?

  • Viviparity occurs in fish while ovoviviparity is exclusive to reptiles.
  • Ovoviviparity involves laying eggs while viviparity does not.
  • Ovoviviparity provides offspring with direct nutritional support from the mother.
  • In ovoviviparity, eggs remain in the female's body until shortly before hatching. (correct)

Which option best describes internal fertilization?

<p>It protects the developing egg and may involve live birth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding sexual reproduction in mammals?

<p>Mammals are characterized by viviparity where offspring receive nourishment from the mother. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of asexual reproduction?

<p>It only requires one parent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of asexual reproduction?

<p>Segregation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?

<p>Involves the fusion of gametes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes budding?

<p>A part of the organism outgrows and separates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of organisms is asexual reproduction most commonly observed?

<p>Single-celled organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of parthenogenesis?

<p>An egg develops into an individual without fertilization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is true?

<p>It requires more resources than asexual reproduction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during fragmentation as a method of asexual reproduction?

<p>The individual breaks into parts, each capable of regrowing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Asexual Reproduction

The creation of new individuals from a single parent. Offspring are identical to the parent.

Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving two parents and sex cells (gametes).

Fission

Asexual reproduction where a single-celled organism splits into two or more new individuals.

Budding

Asexual reproduction where a new organism grows as an outgrowth from the parent organism.

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Fragmentation

Asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into pieces, and each piece regenerates into a new individual.

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Parthenogenesis

Asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a new individual without being fertilized.

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Gametes

Sex cells involved in sexual reproduction.

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Reproduction

The process of creating offspring.

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External Fertilization

The process where sperm and egg meet outside of the organism's body, usually in a water environment.

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Internal Fertilization

The process where sperm and egg meet inside the organism's body.

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Oviparity

A reproductive strategy where fertilized eggs are laid outside the mother's body and receive nourishment from the yolk.

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Ovoviviparity

A reproductive strategy where fertilized eggs are retained inside the mother's body, nourished by the yolk, and hatch shortly after being laid.

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Viviparity

A reproductive strategy where offspring develop inside the mother's body and receive nourishment directly from her.

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Study Notes

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Reproduction of Organisms

  • Intended learning outcome: Describe different ways representative animals reproduce
  • Reproduction is how living things produce offspring (babies)
  • Two main reproductive methods: Sexual and asexual

Asexual Reproduction

  • Requires only one parent
  • Offspring are an exact copy of the parent
  • Examples: potatoes, jellyfish, cactus, starfish, sea anemone, strawberries, corals, bacteria
  • Types:
    • Fission: Splitting of a single-celled organism into two or more daughter cells
    • Budding: Outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to separation into two individuals
    • Fragmentation: Breaking of an individual into parts, followed by regeneration of each part into a separate individual
    • Parthenogenesis: Egg develops into a complete individual without fertilization

Sexual Reproduction

  • Higher forms of animals reproduce through sex cells (gametes) from two parents
  • Examples: avocados, apples, roses, crickets, birds, fish, foxes, frogs, elephants

Types of Fertilization

  • External fertilization:
    • Mostly in aquatic environments
    • Male and female release gametes into surroundings (usually water)
  • Internal fertilization:
    • Animals specialize in developing and protecting the egg
    • Offspring may be encased in an egg at birth or hatch before birth
    • Types:
      • Oviparity: Fertilized eggs laid outside, nourished by yolk
      • Ovoviviparity: Fertilized eggs retained in female's body, nourished by yolk before hatching
      • Viviparity: Offspring are born directly, receiving nutrition from the mother (seen in mammals)

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