Reproduction of Organisms PDF

REPRODUCTION OF ORGANISMS  INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME o Describe the different ways of how representative animals reproduce. WHAT IS REPRODUCTION? Reproduction is the process of how living things produce offspring (babies). There are two main reproductiv...

REPRODUCTION OF ORGANISMS  INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME o Describe the different ways of how representative animals reproduce. WHAT IS REPRODUCTION? Reproduction is the process of how living things produce offspring (babies). There are two main reproductive methods: SEXUAL ASEXUAL  ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Majority of animals reproduce sexually but lower forms reproduce via asexual reproduction REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL Reproduction only requires one parent. Trait information from the parent is passed down to the offspring. The offspring is therefore an exact copy of the parent. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Asexual reproduction is the production of new individuals from a single parent. This type of reproduction is generally observed in single-celled organisms.  ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Examples of living things that reproduce asexually:  ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION The splitting of a unicellular organism into FISSION two or more separate daughter cells.  ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Budding is a form of asexual reproduction that results BUDDING from the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to a separation from the original organism into two individuals.  ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Budding is a form of asexual reproduction that results BUDDING from the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to a separation from the original organism into two individuals. FRAGMENTATION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Fragmentation is the breaking of an individual into parts followed by regeneration. If the animal is capable of fragmentation, and the parts are big enough, a separate individual will regrow from each part. PARTHENOGENESIS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized.  REPRODUCTION SEXUAL Higher forms of animals reproduce through a process involving sex cells or gametes produced by the parents.  SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Examples of living things that reproduce sexually: EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION TYPES OF FERTILIZATION External fertilization occurs mostly in aquatic environments and requires both a male and female organism to release or broadcast gametes into their surroundings (usually water). INTERNAL FERTILIZATION TYPES OF FERTILIZATION Animals that use internal fertilization specialize in developing and protecting an egg. Sometimes the offspring itself is encased in an egg upon its birth and sometimes it hatches from an egg before it is born. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION OVIPARITY The fertilized eggs are laid outside, where they receive nourishment from the yolk. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION OVOVIVIPARITY The fertilized eggs are retained in the female’s body where they receive nourishment from the yolk. The eggs are laid right before they are hatched. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION VIVIPARITY The offspring are born directly instead of hatching from the eggs. They receive nutrition from the mother. This can be seen in mammals.