Biology Quiz on Taxonomy and Macromolecules
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a community of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interact with each other?

  • Community
  • Ecosystem
  • Population (correct)
  • Habitat

Which level of the taxonomic hierarchy is the highest and includes the broadest categories?

  • Class
  • Kingdom
  • Domain (correct)
  • Phylum

Which of the following correctly identifies the two domains that consist of prokaryotic organisms?

  • Bacteria and Plant
  • Eukarya and Bacteria
  • Archaea and Bacteria (correct)
  • Archaea and Fungi

In terms of evolutionary relationships, which group is considered more closely related to eukaryotes?

<p>Archaea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest level of classification in the taxonomic hierarchy?

<p>Species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is formed by linking two monosaccharides?

<p>Disaccharide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the control group in an experiment?

<p>It helps to establish a baseline for comparison. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bond is specifically responsible for forming a disaccharide?

<p>Glycosidic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between tertiary and quaternary protein structures?

<p>Quaternary structure is defined by multiple folded chains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific term for the measurable effects in an experiment?

<p>Dependent variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy storage polysaccharide in plants?

<p>Starch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these molecules serve as the building blocks for proteins?

<p>Amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural unit of nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleotide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond connects amino acids together in a protein?

<p>Peptide bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond links the sugar and phosphate groups in nucleotides?

<p>Phosphodiester bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is characterized by the unequal sharing of electrons?

<p>Polar covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of removing an electron from an atom during bond formation?

<p>The atom becomes a cation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions is responsible for linking monomers together?

<p>Dehydration synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bond is formed between sodium and chlorine when sodium loses an electron?

<p>Ionic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to initiate a chemical reaction when energy needs to be added?

<p>Activation energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a genetic map represent in the context of chromosomes?

<p>The locations of genes relative to each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the speed of hormone action?

<p>Peptide hormones act quickly but steroid hormones have lasting effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of duplicating a section of the genome?

<p>The enlargement of the genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging secretory vesicles?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of living things?

<p>Ability to move (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What general term describes DNA and RNA?

<p>Nucleic Acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major plasma hormone?

<p>Thyroid Hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In biological hierarchy, what do multiple tissues working together form?

<p>Organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is NOT associated with protein synthesis?

<p>Peroxisome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the configuration of chromosomes during the formation of tetrads in meiosis?

<p>Chromosomes are replicated and paired with their homologs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two heterozygous alleles are crossed, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?

<p>3:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a specific trait?

<p>Homozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a dihybrid cross, what is the resulting phenotypic ratio for the offspring?

<p>9:3:3:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During interphase, which organelle is responsible for producing ribosomes?

<p>Nucleolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

<p>Enzymes act as catalysts, reducing activation energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction would result in the generation of ATP as a product?

<p>An exergonic reaction that releases energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the 'heads' of phospholipids makes them interact favorably with water?

<p>They are hydrophilic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about steroids like testosterone and estrogen is true?

<p>They can be found in reproductive organs like the ovaries and testes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sort of cellular activities can ATP be utilized for?

<p>For any process that requires energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process do bacteria use to divide and produce two daughter cells?

<p>Binary fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a hypotonic solution?

<p>Higher solute concentration outside the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of stages in mitosis?

<p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the G1 phase of interphase?

<p>Protein synthesis and growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic Map

A diagram showing the relative positions of genes on a chromosome.

Deletion

A type of mutation where a segment of DNA is removed from a chromosome.

Nucleic Acid

A complex organic molecule that carries genetic information.

Organ

A structure made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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Four Major Macromolecules

The main types of large organic molecules found in living organisms: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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Disaccharide

A carbohydrate formed by linking two monosaccharides together.

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Glycosidic bond

The covalent bond that connects two monosaccharides in a disaccharide.

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Polysaccharide

A complex carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides linked together.

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What do we store for energy?

We store the polysaccharide glycogen for energy.

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What do plants store?

Plants store the polysaccharide starch for energy.

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First step of the scientific method

The scientific method begins with an observation, which leads to a question.

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Control group

The control group in an experiment is treated exactly like the other groups, but the independent variable is left out.

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Independent variable

The independent variable is the factor being manipulated or changed in an experiment.

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Dependent variable

The dependent variable is the factor being measured or observed in an experiment.

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Monomers of proteins

The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids.

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Weakest bonds

Hydrogen bonds are the weakest type of bond, relying on temporary attractions between molecules.

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Covalent bonds

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

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Polar covalent bond

Polar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a partial positive and negative charge within the molecule.

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Cation

A cation is an ion that carries a positive charge due to the loss of one or more electrons.

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Dehydration synthesis

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that joins monomers by removing a water molecule.

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Cholesterol's Role

Cholesterol serves as the building block for all steroid hormones in the body.

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Population?

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area and interacting with each other.

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Ecosystem?

All the living organisms (biotic factors) in a specific area interacting with each other and their non-living environment (abiotic factors), such as air, water, and soil.

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Insulin: What is it?

Insulin is a peptide hormone primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells.

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Fast vs. Slow Hormones

Peptide hormones like insulin act rapidly but have short-lived effects, while steroid hormones are slower but have longer-lasting impacts.

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Highest taxonomic level?

Domain is the broadest and most inclusive level of classification in the taxonomic hierarchy, grouping organisms based on fundamental cellular features.

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Prokaryote Domains?

Prokaryotes, organisms without a nucleus, are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea.

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ATP's Powerhouse

Mitochondria are the primary site of ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.

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Golgi Apparatus: Package Handler

The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for packaging and modifying secretory vesicles, like a shipping department for cellular products.

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Most closely related to eukaryotes?

Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes (organisms with a nucleus) than bacteria are, suggesting shared evolutionary history.

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Nucleus

The central organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

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Nucleolus

A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled with proteins to form ribosomes.

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Chromosomes form tetrads

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, forming four-chromatid structures called tetrads. These tetrads are essential for crossing over.

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Homozygous Allele

An individual possessing two identical alleles for a given trait.

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Dihybrid Cross

A cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for two different traits.

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What happens to cleaved carbon?

The cleaved carbon from glucose is incorporated into pyruvate, which is then used in the next stage of cellular respiration.

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Is there ATP production in glycolysis?

Yes, glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules. It also generates 2 NADH molecules, which will be used in the electron transport chain.

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Hypotonic solution

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move into the cell.

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Binary fission

Binary fission is the process by which a single-celled organism, such as a bacterium, divides into two identical daughter cells.

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G1 phase

The G1 phase is the first growth phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

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What do enzymes do?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction.

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Endergonic vs Exergonic

Endergonic reactions require energy input to occur, while exergonic reactions release energy.

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What is ATP?

ATP is the primary energy currency of cells, used to power various cellular processes.

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Phospholipids: Head

The polar head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, meaning it attracts water.

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Example of a Steroid

Testosterone and Estrogen are examples of steroids, hormones produced in the testes and ovaries respectively.

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