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Questions and Answers
What is taxonomy?
What is taxonomy?
- Framework for ecological studies
- System for naming chemical compounds
- Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning names (correct)
- Theory of evolution
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
- Method of grouping species based on habitat
- Taxonomic hierarchy above kingdom
- Classification based on physical characteristics
- Two-part scientific naming system for species (correct)
What is the most inclusive taxonomic category?
What is the most inclusive taxonomic category?
Domain
What is the largest taxonomic group?
What is the largest taxonomic group?
What does phylum refer to in taxonomy?
What does phylum refer to in taxonomy?
What is a class in taxonomy?
What is a class in taxonomy?
Define order in the context of taxonomy.
Define order in the context of taxonomy.
What is a family in biological classification?
What is a family in biological classification?
What does genus mean in scientific classification?
What does genus mean in scientific classification?
What is meant by species in taxonomy?
What is meant by species in taxonomy?
What are dichotomous keys?
What are dichotomous keys?
Define taxon.
Define taxon.
What is evolutionary classification?
What is evolutionary classification?
What is a derived character?
What is a derived character?
What is a cladogram?
What is a cladogram?
What does a molecular clock do?
What does a molecular clock do?
Define bacteria.
Define bacteria.
What is Eukarya?
What is Eukarya?
What does Archae refer to in taxonomy?
What does Archae refer to in taxonomy?
What is Archaebacteria?
What is Archaebacteria?
What is Eubacteria?
What is Eubacteria?
What is Protista?
What is Protista?
What does fungi refer to in taxonomy?
What does fungi refer to in taxonomy?
Define Plantae.
Define Plantae.
What is Animalia?
What is Animalia?
What is a prokaryote?
What is a prokaryote?
Define eukaryote.
Define eukaryote.
What is an autotroph?
What is an autotroph?
Define unicellular.
Define unicellular.
What does multicellular mean?
What does multicellular mean?
Define photosynthesis.
Define photosynthesis.
What is chemosynthesis?
What is chemosynthesis?
Define heterotroph.
Define heterotroph.
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Study Notes
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the discipline of classifying organisms and providing universally accepted names.
- Binomial nomenclature is a classification system assigning each species a two-part scientific name.
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Domain is the broadest taxonomic category, larger than a kingdom.
- Kingdoms are the largest taxonomic groups, comprising closely related phyla.
- Phylum groups closely related classes together.
- Class organizes similar orders within a phylum.
- Order consists of similar families.
- Family is a group of genera sharing many characteristics.
- Genus contains closely related species, forming the first part of a scientific name.
- Species are groups of similar organisms capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring.
Identification and Classification Tools
- Dichotomous keys provide a detailed list of identifying characteristics and scientific names to aid classification.
- A taxon refers to any group or level of organization in classification.
Evolutionary Relationships
- Evolutionary classification groups organisms based on their evolutionary histories and derived characters, which appear in newer lineage parts.
- Cladograms visually represent the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
- Molecular clocks estimate the duration of species' independent evolution using DNA comparisons.
Domains of Life
- Bacteria is a domain encompassing unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls of peptidoglycans.
- Eukarya includes all organisms with nucleated cells, such as protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
- Archaea comprises unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan.
Kingdoms of Life
- Archaebacteria consists of unicellular prokaryotes without peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
- Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan-based cell walls.
- Protista includes eukaryotic organisms not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
- Fungi are heterotrophs, many deriving energy from decomposing organic matter.
- Plantae are multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs with cellulose in their cell walls.
- Animalia is the kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs lacking cell walls.
Cell Types and Nutrition
- Prokaryotes are single-celled microorganisms that lack nuclei.
- Eukaryotes are organisms with cells containing nuclei.
- Autotrophs capture energy to produce their food from sunlight or chemicals, classified as producers.
- Unicellular describes organisms made up of a single cell.
- Multicellular refers to organisms composed of multiple cells.
Energy Production Processes
- Photosynthesis allows plants and some organisms to convert light energy into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates.
- Chemosynthesis is the process by which certain organisms produce carbohydrates using chemical energy.
- Heterotrophs obtain energy through consuming food, known as consumers.
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