Taxonomy and Classification of Organisms
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Questions and Answers

What is taxonomy?

  • The classification of organisms and assigning them a name (correct)
  • The study of ecosystems
  • The process of natural selection
  • The study of animal behavior

What does binomial nomenclature refer to?

  • A way to classify ecosystems
  • A one-part naming system
  • The study of cellular structures
  • A classification system with a two-part scientific name (correct)

What is a genus?

A group of closely related species.

What is a taxon?

<p>A group or level of organization into which organisms are classified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a family in biological classification?

<p>A group of genera that share many characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an order in taxonomy?

<p>A broad taxonomic category composed of similar families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phylum?

<p>A group of closely related classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kingdom?

<p>A large taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a class in taxonomy?

<p>A group of similar orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does phylogeny refer to?

<p>The evolutionary relationships among organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is evolutionary classification?

<p>The strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are derived characters?

<p>Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cladogram?

<p>A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular clock?

<p>A model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most inclusive taxonomic category?

<p>Domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the domain Bacteria?

<p>Unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Eubacteria?

<p>Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the domain Archaea?

<p>Unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Archaebacteria?

<p>Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the domain Eukarya?

<p>Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the kingdom Protista?

<p>Composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the kingdom Fungi consist of?

<p>Heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Plantae?

<p>Kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the kingdom Animalia?

<p>Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms and assigning universally accepted names.

Binomial nomenclature

A two-part naming system for species, including the genus and species name.

Genus

A group of closely related species sharing common characteristics.

Taxon

Any group or level of classification in taxonomy.

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Family

A higher taxonomic group that includes multiple genera with shared traits.

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Order

A broader category encompassing similar families.

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Phylum

A taxonomic group that includes closely related classes, sharing significant common characteristics.

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Kingdom

A large taxonomic category grouping related phyla together.

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Class

A classification level that groups similar orders of organisms.

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Phylogeny

The evolutionary relationships among different organisms.

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Evolutionary classification

Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history and shared ancestry.

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Derived characters

Traits appearing in recent parts of a lineage, absent in older members.

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Cladogram

A diagram depicting evolutionary relationships and shared derived traits among organisms.

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Molecular clock

Estimating the time since two species evolved separately, based on DNA comparisons.

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Domain

The most inclusive taxonomic category, larger than a kingdom.

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Bacteria

A domain of unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan.

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Eubacteria

A kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls.

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Archaea

A domain encompassing unicellular prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

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Archaebacteria

The kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes with unique characteristics compared to Eubacteria.

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Eukarya

The domain that includes all organisms with nuclei, comprising protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

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Protista

A kingdom of eukaryotes not classified as plants, animals, or fungi, indicating great diversity.

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Fungi

A kingdom of organisms that are heterotrophic, often obtaining energy from decomposing organic matter.

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Plantae

A kingdom consisting of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs, characterized by cellulose in their cell walls.

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Animalia

A kingdom encompassing multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls, showing complex structures and behaviors.

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Study Notes

Taxonomy and Classification

  • Taxonomy involves the classification of organisms and assigning universally accepted names.
  • Binomial nomenclature is a two-part naming system for each species, including the genus and species name.
  • Genus refers to a group of closely related species sharing common characteristics.
  • A taxon is any group or level of classification in taxonomy, such as species, genus, or family.
  • Family is a higher taxonomic group that includes multiple genera with shared traits.

Higher Taxonomic Categories

  • Order is a broader category encompassing similar families.
  • Phylum consists of closely related classes, which group organisms sharing significant common characteristics.
  • Kingdom is a large taxonomic category grouping related phyla together.
  • Class is a classification level that groups similar orders of organisms.

Evolutionary Relationships

  • Phylogeny represents the evolutionary relationships among different organisms.
  • Evolutionary classification involves grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history and shared ancestry.
  • Derived characters are traits appearing in recent parts of a lineage, absent in older members.
  • A cladogram is a diagram depicting evolutionary relationships and shared derived traits among organisms.

Molecular and Taxonomic Models

  • A molecular clock estimates the time that two species have been evolving separately by comparing their DNA.
  • The domain is the most inclusive taxonomic category, larger than a kingdom.

Domains and Kingdoms

  • Bacteria is a domain of unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
  • Eubacteria refers to a kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls.
  • Archaea encompasses unicellular prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
  • Archaebacteria is the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes with unique characteristics compared to Eubacteria.
  • Eukarya is the domain that includes all organisms with nuclei, comprising protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

Specific Kingdoms

  • Protista is a kingdom of eukaryotes not classified as plants, animals, or fungi, indicating great diversity.
  • Fungi includes organisms that are heterotrophic, often obtaining energy from decomposing organic matter.
  • Plantae consists of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs, characterized by cellulose in their cell walls.
  • Animalia encompasses multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls, showing complex structures and behaviors.

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Description

Explore the concepts of taxonomy and the classification of organisms through this quiz. Learn about binomial nomenclature, taxonomic ranks, and the relationships among different life forms. Test your knowledge on the hierarchical structure from species to kingdom.

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