Questions and Answers
What is the science of naming and describing organisms called?
What is the classification hierarchy of organisms?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is binomial nomenclature?
An important part of Linnaeus's system that assigns each species a two-part scientific name.
Which information is given in a species name?
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To which level of classification does a group of closely related species of organisms belong?
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Eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall made of chitin belong to which kingdom?
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Class : order :: kingdom : ?
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Explain why the kingdom Protista includes so many diverse organisms.
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Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of what?
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Two organisms in the same order but different families may:
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Analogous features : convergent evolution :: ? : evolutionary relationships
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The DNA sequences of two species of sharks would:
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The scientific name of an organism:
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Which groups are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy?
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An organism can have:
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Today, biologists classify organisms by their:
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Multicellular, nucleated heterotrophs that always obtain food by absorbing nutrients from the environment belong to the kingdom:
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Organisms in different genera may:
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An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom:
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Which of the following was not a consideration for Carolus Linnaeus when he developed his system of nomenclature of organisms?
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The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom:
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Which of the following is the least inclusive classification group?
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Phylogenetic trees depict:
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The three-domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in ____, while the six-kingdom system is based on similarities and differences in ____.
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Most multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom:
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The science of classifying living things is called:
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The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the:
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Match the following classification levels:
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Simple, non-nucleated organisms that use hydrogen to produce methane are in the domain:
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Match the pairs of species based on their classification:
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The correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is:
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Study Notes
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the science that involves naming and describing organisms.
- Classification hierarchy of organisms includes: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
- Binomial nomenclature was developed by Linnaeus, assigning a two-part scientific name for each species: a genus name (e.g., Homo) and a species identifier (e.g., sapiens).
Species Identification
- A species name provides information on both the genus and the species identifier.
- Closely related species belong to the same genus level in classification.
Biological Kingdoms
- Eukaryotic organisms with chitin cell walls and digestive enzymes belong to the kingdom Fungi.
- Protista encompasses diverse organisms, including unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes that can be plant-like or animal-like.
Evolution and DNA
- Carl Woese proposed a three-domain system of classification based on ribosomal RNA analysis.
- DNA sequences of similar species (e.g., different sharks) are more alike than those of distantly related species (e.g., a shark and a dolphin).
- Cladograms are used to depict evolutionary relationships, contrasting with analogous features produced by convergent evolution.
Classification Systems
- Biological classification considers various similarities: physical, chemical, and behavioral traits.
- Cladistics groups organisms based on shared evolutionary traits, differentiating from classical taxonomy.
- The six-kingdom system relies on evidence from DNA, fossils, embryological development, and physical features, while the three-domain system focuses on DNA similarities and differences.
Organismal Groups
- Organisms in different genera may share the same species identifier or be classified in the same family or different orders.
- Species is the least inclusive classification group and the lowest hierarchy level in biological classification.
Autotrophs and Other Organisms
- Multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that perform photosynthesis are classified within the kingdom Plantae.
- Organisms that decompose organic matter through absorption are also grouped in the kingdom Fungi.
Hierarchy and Nomenclature
- The appropriate order of the biological hierarchy is from Kingdom to Species.
- An organism has one genus name and one species identifier, contributing to a standardized scientific naming system recognized globally.
Example Comparisons
- Example pairs of organisms with similar classification include: Quercus rubra and Quercus phellos, and Aphis pomi and Aphis gossypii.
- Different classification levels can be illustrated as: Class is to Order, as Kingdom is to Phylum.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification and taxonomy of organisms with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the classification hierarchy, binomial nomenclature, and the biological kingdoms. Understand how DNA and evolution relate to classification.
