Taxonomy and Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the science of naming and describing organisms called?

  • Nomenclature
  • Phylogeny
  • Classification
  • Taxonomy (correct)

What is the classification hierarchy of organisms?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is binomial nomenclature?

An important part of Linnaeus's system that assigns each species a two-part scientific name.

Which information is given in a species name?

<p>Genus and species identifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which level of classification does a group of closely related species of organisms belong?

<p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall made of chitin belong to which kingdom?

<p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Class : order :: kingdom : ?

<p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the kingdom Protista includes so many diverse organisms.

<p>Protists are eukaryotes that can be unicellular or multicellular and may be animal-like or plant-like.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of what?

<p>Ribosomal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two organisms in the same order but different families may:

<p>Be in the same class or have the same species identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analogous features : convergent evolution :: ? : evolutionary relationships

<p>Cladogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

The DNA sequences of two species of sharks would:

<p>Be more similar than the DNA sequences of a shark and a dolphin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific name of an organism:

<p>Is the same for scientists all over the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy?

<p>Birds and crocs</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism can have:

<p>One genus name and one species identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Today, biologists classify organisms by their:

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multicellular, nucleated heterotrophs that always obtain food by absorbing nutrients from the environment belong to the kingdom:

<p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms in different genera may:

<p>Share the second word of their scientific names, be in the same family, or be in different orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom:

<p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was not a consideration for Carolus Linnaeus when he developed his system of nomenclature of organisms?

<p>It should enable scientists to classify organisms according to their presumed evolutionary relationships. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom:

<p>Protista</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the least inclusive classification group?

<p>Species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phylogenetic trees depict:

<p>Presumed evolutionary relationships based on a variety of types of evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three-domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in ____, while the six-kingdom system is based on similarities and differences in ____.

<p>DNA; DNA, fossils, embryological development, and physical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom:

<p>Plantae</p> Signup and view all the answers

The science of classifying living things is called:

<p>Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the:

<p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classification levels:

<p>Class = Family Phylum = Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

Simple, non-nucleated organisms that use hydrogen to produce methane are in the domain:

<p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pairs of species based on their classification:

<p>Quercus rubra = Quercus phellos Aphis pomi = Aphis gossypii</p> Signup and view all the answers

The correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is:

<p>Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Taxonomy?

The science of naming and describing organisms.

What is Classification?

A system for classifying organisms based on their shared characteristics.

What is the Classification Hierarchy?

A hierarchical system used to classify organisms, from the broadest to the most specific categories.

What is a Domain?

The broadest category in the classification hierarchy, encompassing all living organisms.

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What is a Kingdom?

A major category in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms based on shared fundamental traits.

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What is a Phylum?

A category in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with similar body plans and organization.

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What is a Class?

A category in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with similar structural features, such as wings or limbs.

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What is an Order?

A category in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with similar characteristics and adaptations.

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What is a Family?

A category in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with close evolutionary relationships.

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What is a Genus?

A category in the classification hierarchy, grouping closely related organisms.

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What is a Species?

A category in the classification hierarchy, representing a group of interbreeding organisms.

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What is Binomial Nomenclature?

The two-part scientific name given to each species, consisting of the genus name and the species identifier.

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What is a Species Name?

A scientific name that includes the genus and species identifier, providing information about an organism's classification.

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What is the Relationship between Genus and Species?

Organisms belonging to the same genus share close evolutionary relationships.

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What is the Kingdom Fungi?

A kingdom that encompasses organisms with chitin cell walls and digestive enzymes, obtaining nutrients by absorbing organic matter.

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What is the Kingdom Protista?

A kingdom that encompasses diverse eukaryotes, including unicellular and multicellular organisms with characteristics similar to plants or animals.

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What is the Three-Domain System?

The proposal of a three-domain classification, dividing organisms into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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What is Cladistics?

A method of classifying organisms into a series of nested groups based on shared evolutionary traits.

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What is a Cladogram?

A branching diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships between organisms, based on shared derived traits.

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What is the Relationship between DNA and Evolutionary Relationships?

A comparison of DNA sequences, revealing more similarities between closely related species.

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What is Convergent Evolution?

The process of organisms developing similar features due to similar environments or selection pressures.

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What is Biological Classification?

A classification system that uses various similarities, including physical, chemical, and behavioral characteristics.

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What is the Six-Kingdom System?

A classification system based on evidence from DNA, fossils, embryological development, and physical features.

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What is the Three-Domain System?

A classification system based on DNA similarities and differences, dividing organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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What is the Species Level?

The least inclusive classification group in the hierarchy, representing a unique group of interbreeding organisms.

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What is the Kingdom Plantae?

Multicellular, nucleated organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.

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What are the Relationships between Genera, Species, and Families?

Organisms in different genera may share the same species identifier or belong to the same family.

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What is the Correct Order of the Classification Hierarchy?

The order of the classification hierarchy from broadest to most specific is Kingdom to Species.

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What is the Importance of a Scientific Name?

Each organism has a unique scientific name consisting of a genus name and a species identifier.

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What are Example Pairs of Organisms with Similar Classification?

Organisms with similar classification, such as Quercus rubra and Quercus phellos.

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What are Examples of Relationships between Classification Levels?

The relationship between classification levels can be summarized as: Class is to Order, as Kingdom is to Phylum.

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Study Notes

Taxonomy and Classification

  • Taxonomy is the science that involves naming and describing organisms.
  • Classification hierarchy of organisms includes: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
  • Binomial nomenclature was developed by Linnaeus, assigning a two-part scientific name for each species: a genus name (e.g., Homo) and a species identifier (e.g., sapiens).

Species Identification

  • A species name provides information on both the genus and the species identifier.
  • Closely related species belong to the same genus level in classification.

Biological Kingdoms

  • Eukaryotic organisms with chitin cell walls and digestive enzymes belong to the kingdom Fungi.
  • Protista encompasses diverse organisms, including unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes that can be plant-like or animal-like.

Evolution and DNA

  • Carl Woese proposed a three-domain system of classification based on ribosomal RNA analysis.
  • DNA sequences of similar species (e.g., different sharks) are more alike than those of distantly related species (e.g., a shark and a dolphin).
  • Cladograms are used to depict evolutionary relationships, contrasting with analogous features produced by convergent evolution.

Classification Systems

  • Biological classification considers various similarities: physical, chemical, and behavioral traits.
  • Cladistics groups organisms based on shared evolutionary traits, differentiating from classical taxonomy.
  • The six-kingdom system relies on evidence from DNA, fossils, embryological development, and physical features, while the three-domain system focuses on DNA similarities and differences.

Organismal Groups

  • Organisms in different genera may share the same species identifier or be classified in the same family or different orders.
  • Species is the least inclusive classification group and the lowest hierarchy level in biological classification.

Autotrophs and Other Organisms

  • Multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that perform photosynthesis are classified within the kingdom Plantae.
  • Organisms that decompose organic matter through absorption are also grouped in the kingdom Fungi.

Hierarchy and Nomenclature

  • The appropriate order of the biological hierarchy is from Kingdom to Species.
  • An organism has one genus name and one species identifier, contributing to a standardized scientific naming system recognized globally.

Example Comparisons

  • Example pairs of organisms with similar classification include: Quercus rubra and Quercus phellos, and Aphis pomi and Aphis gossypii.
  • Different classification levels can be illustrated as: Class is to Order, as Kingdom is to Phylum.

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