Biology Quiz on Hormones and Alkaloids

<p>Cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins, peptides or steroids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ovaries, testes, placenta, and adrenal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide the energy required for movement of substances against their concentration gradient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium pectate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinocytosis involves intake of fluid droplets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the surface area for cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide rigidity and protection to the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an inner fluid-filled compartment of the mitochondria where the pyruvic acid is directly oxidized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells arise from pre-existing cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the entry and exit of substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal cells lack a cell wall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing intracellular digestion and waste removal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can digest a cell's own material when it's damaged or dead. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation of substrates resulting in hydrogen peroxide formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of lipids to carbohydrates during germination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular movement and creating fluid flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 sets of peripheral microtubules and one central set. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrioles have nine sets of peripheral triplets, while cilia and flagella have nine sets of peripheral doublets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the daughter cells receive identical hereditary material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Just outside the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA, RNA, and proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing the mitotic spindle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus and cytoplasm are interdependent and interact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They give rise to cilia and flagella. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a medium for metabolic reactions and maintain cell turgidity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a membrane-bound organelle, containing genetic material and controls cell activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulates the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and maintains separation of hereditary material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are simple six-carbon sugars like glucose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a source of energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It gives each of the 20 different amino acids its unique identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterochromatin has less DNA and is genetically less active than euchromatin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By utilizing inorganic nitrogen from their surroundings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptide bond. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be involved in information transfer and protein synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to their lower content of oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are needed in the diet of animals for healthy growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is produced by bacteria in the human intestine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trap solar energy and convert it into complex molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are opposite in function; one traps energy, the other releases it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can self-duplicate but depend on the cell for survival. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are small molecules composed of RNA and protein, and are present free in cytoplasm or attached to the ER. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secrete and modify substances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The name given to the Golgi body in plant cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waste breakdown. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down cellular components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ER is in contact with the cell membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RER has ribosomes attached to it, while SER does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different types and sizes of ribosomes found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modifying substances to give rise to other membrane structures such as lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacks membrane-bound organelles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 S (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a nuclear membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage of nutrients and waste products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins are embedded in a flexible lipid bilayer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By diffusion, osmosis, or active transport. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest unit of life that can function independently. It is the building block of all living organisms.

A theory stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, that cells are the basic functional unit of life, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection to plant cells.

A thin, flexible outer layer that surrounds all cells and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

A network of interconnected membranes that helps in the synthesis and transportation of proteins and lipids.

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and responsible for regulating cellular activity.

A jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.

Organisms without a well-defined nucleus, such as bacteria.

Organisms with a well-defined nucleus, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

A model that describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a fluid layer with proteins embedded in it.

Proteins located on the outer or inner surfaces of the lipid bilayer in the plasma membrane.

Proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, sometimes spanning across it.

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without requiring energy.

The movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane, without requiring energy.

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Large, fluid-filled sacs found in plant cells, storing water, nutrients, and waste.

Organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis.

A process where a cell engulfs large particles or even other cells. Imagine a Pac-Man eating a dot.

A process where a cell takes in tiny droplets of fluid. Imagine a tiny cup sucking up a tiny drink.

The process where substances are released from the cell. Think of a package being delivered outside the house.

The outermost layer in plant cells, providing structure and protection. Imagine the cell wall as a sturdy brick wall.

Tiny thread-like organelles found in both plants and animals. They are the powerhouses of the cell, converting food into usable energy.

Organelles found only in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis. Imagine solar panels capturing sunlight to make energy.

A fluid medium inside the chloroplast, similar to cytoplasm. Think of the liquid filling a container.

Stacks of flattened sacs inside chloroplasts. Think of a pile of pancakes.

Flattened sacs inside chloroplasts, responsible for capturing light energy. Imagine a thin sheet capturing sunlight.

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar. Imagine sunlight being used to make food.

A type of plastid that is white or colorless, found in roots and other non-photosynthetic parts of plants. They store starch as energy.

A type of plastid that is colored, giving fruits and flowers their vibrant colors. Imagine colored pigments in plants.

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell. It stores energy in its chemical bonds, which can be released when needed.

The grana (stacks of thylakoids) within chloroplasts are the sites of the light-dependent reactions.

Thylakoids are the small, disc-shaped sacs that stack to form grana in chloroplasts.

Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell because they are responsible for producing ATP, the primary energy source for most cellular activities.

Mitochondria contain enzymes that carry out cellular respiration, breaking down glucose to generate ATP.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to replicate themselves independently to some extent. Both also have a double membrane structure.

Chromoplasts are plastids responsible for storing pigments that give color to flowers and fruits.

Chloroplasts are plastids containing chlorophyll, the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous because they have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to replicate independently. However, they still depend on the cell for some essential functions.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of interconnected membranes that serve as a transport system within the cell. The rough ER (RER) has ribosomes attached to it, while the smooth ER (SER) lacks ribosomes.

Dictyosomes are the equivalent of Golgi bodies in plant cells. They are smaller and more numerous than Golgi bodies in animal cells.

The extensive network of the ER provides a large surface area for protein synthesis and facilitates the transport of molecules throughout the cell.

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, attached to the ER (RER), and within the nucleolus.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a continuous membrane system that connects the nuclear membrane with the cell membrane.

Chemical messengers produced by glands in animals. They control bodily functions by acting on specific target cells, even at low concentrations.

Organic compounds synthesized from cholesterol, primarily in the reproductive organs and adrenal glands. Examples are testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol.

Organic molecules found in plants, often in the form of bitter tasting compounds, with diverse physiological effects. Alkaloids like morphine, quinine, and ephedrine are derived from plants.

Complex organic compounds synthesized from amino acids in plants. These compounds play a crucial role in plant defense, growth, and development.

These are specific organic substances, usually proteins or peptides, that are secreted by a cell or gland and exert a specific effect on other cells or tissues.

Plant hormones, also known as growth regulators, are produced in metabolically active cells. They control the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant.

The process by which cells divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's genetic material.

A small, spherical body present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells except in sperms and some algae. It is involved in the synthesis of ribosomes, which are crucial for protein production.

Water is essential for life, acting as a solvent for many biological reactions, a medium for transport, and a regulator of temperature.

These elements are crucial components of organic compounds and play important roles in various physiological processes, including energy transfer.

Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy for cells. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Proteins are complex macromolecules that are vital for various cellular functions, including structure, catalysis, and transport. They are composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Nucleic acids are polymers composed of nucleotides, carrying genetic information, and playing a crucial role in protein synthesis. DNA holds the blueprint, while RNA acts as a messenger.

Fats, also known as lipids, are a primary source of energy storage in cells. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are classified as saturated or unsaturated.

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that are required for the healthy growth and development of animals. They are categorized into water-soluble and fat-soluble types.

A network of long, thin strands composed of DNA and proteins. It is found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

These are tightly packed, condensed structures made of DNA and proteins. They carry genetic information and are visible during cell division.

The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, the process of turning genetic information into functional proteins.

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic information (DNA). It regulates cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The interaction between the nucleus and the cytoplasm involves the exchange of information and materials between the nucleus and the surrounding cytosol.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing powerful digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down various cellular components, including debris, pathogens, and worn-out organelles, making them crucial for maintaining cell health and efficiency.

Lysosomes are nicknamed "suicidal bags" because their enzymes can digest the cell's own contents if the cell is damaged or dying. This process, called autolysis, helps clear out damaged or unnecessary parts and prevent harmful substances from spreading to other cells.

Lysosomes play various roles in the cell, including digestion of food particles for cell nutrition, defense against invading pathogens, removal of damaged cellular debris, recycling of cellular components, providing energy during starvation, aiding sperm cells in fertilization, and facilitating the breakdown of cellular components in old, diseased, or injured cells.

Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles present in both plant and animal cells. They are involved in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful molecules.

Peroxisomes play a vital role in breaking down fatty acids and producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. This peroxide is then broken down by an enzyme called catalase, preventing damage to the cell.

Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plant cells, particularly in oil-rich seeds during germination. They contain enzymes that convert stored lipids (fats) into carbohydrates, providing energy for the growing seedling.

Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections that extend from the cell surface. They are involved in movement, helping the cell propel itself or move fluids around the cell.

Cilia are short, hair-like structures found in large numbers on the surface of some cells. They beat rhythmically, like tiny oars, to create a current that propels the cell or moves fluids past the cell.

Flagella are longer, whip-like structures found in some cells. They generate a wave-like motion that propels the cell through its environment.

Both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules, protein filaments arranged in a specific pattern known as the 9+2 arrangement. This structure allows for their characteristic movements.

Centrioles are small, cylindrical structures found in animal cells. They are involved in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division, which help separate chromosomes.

Basal bodies are structures similar to centrioles. They are located at the base of cilia and flagella, anchoring these organelles to the cell and providing a point of attachment for microtubules.

The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, surrounds the nucleus and regulates the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is a double membrane with pores that allow for selective transport of molecules.