Biology Quiz: Neoplasia and Tumors

Study Notes

Hyperplasia: has a useful function, controlled growth, growth stops after removal of stimulus, cells have normal shape and pattern
Neoplasia: has no useful function, uncontrolled growth, growth doesn't stop after removal of stimulus, cells have abnormal shape and pattern

Benign: does not invade surrounding tissue, does not metastasize
Malignant: invades surrounding tissue, metastasizes
Locally Malignant: carcinoma in situ, malignant cells involve the entire thickness of the epithelium without penetration of the basement membrane

Benign: usually small, slow rate of growth, capsulated, necrosis and hemorrhage are rare, well-differentiated, suffix: oma (e.g. fibroma)
Malignant: usually large, fast rate of growth, non-capsulated, necrosis and hemorrhage are common, poorly differentiated, suffix: carcinoma, sarcoma (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma)

Benign: adenoma, papilloma, fibroma, osteoma, chondroma, lipoma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma
Malignant: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

Adenoma: benign epithelial neoplasms producing gland pattern
Papilloma: benign epithelial neoplasms growing on any surface that produce microscopic or macroscopic finger-like pattern
Transitional cell papilloma: site: transitional epithelium of urinary tract, gross: non-capsulated, with long thin papillae, usually compound and branching, reddish and fragile, microscopic: branched core of vascular CT covered by hyperplastic transitional epithelium
Breast fibroadenoma: benign neoplasm most commonly diagnosed in younger women of reproductive age

Benign neoplasm arising from fat cells
Characteristics: slow growing, non-invasive, closely resembles the tissue of origin

Definition: benign tumor of fibrous tissue
Sites: subcutaneous, submucous fibrous tissue and fibrous stroma of organs
Gross: round, oval, grayish white, capsulated mass
Microscopic: bundles of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, fibroblast are fusiform with scanty cytoplasm and spindle nuclei

Definition: benign tumor of hyaline cartilage
Site: short bones of hands, feet, and flat bones, sternum, and ends of long bones
Microscopic: cartilage cells are round with vacuolated cytoplasm and separated by pale blue hyaline matrix