Biology Quiz: Human and Plant Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Produces energy from glucose

Facilitates gas exchange in the lungs

Absorbs nutrients from digested food

Absorbs water from undigested food (correct)

What is produced during cellular respiration when glucose is broken down?

Only energy is produced

Glucose is absorbed

Oxygen is consumed

Energy, carbon dioxide, and water are produced (correct)

Which stage of respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

Krebs cycle

Gas exchange in lungs

Internal respiration

Glycolysis (correct)

What happens to pyruvic acid in the mitochondria during respiration?

It is converted into acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?

External respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries?

To transport oxygenated blood from the heart to organs Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What component is NOT part of blood?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What role do platelets play in the blood?

Help in blood coagulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel connects arteries to veins?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fluid component of blood?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pulmonary veins from other veins?

They transport oxygenated blood to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is lymph primarily formed from?

Leaked fluid in tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stomata in plants?

Exchange gases Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is vital for protein synthesis in plants and is absorbed from the soil?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the digestion of starch in the human mouth?

Salivary amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the small intestine in human digestion?

Digestion and absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are received in the small intestine to aid in digestion?

Amylase and trypsin Signup and view all the answers

How does an amoeba consume food?

By engulfing with finger-like extensions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action performed by the oesophagus during digestion?

Rhythmic contractions to move food Signup and view all the answers

What helps protect the stomach lining from the effects of hydrochloric acid?

Mucus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic occurs without it. Signup and view all the answers

Where does pyruvate breakdown occur in aerobic respiration?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is a product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in a higher energy yield?

Aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What causes muscle cramps during intense exercise?

Accumulation of lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in cells?

To provide energy for cellular activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary waste product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

How does aerobic respiration occur in humans?

Through gas exchange and breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which process helps maintain a balanced internal environment in plants?

Excretion through roots Signup and view all the answers

What does hemoglobin transport in the human body?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are involved in the excretion process in the human body?

Kidneys and liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

It contracts and increases thoracic cavity volume Signup and view all the answers

What type of waste do kidneys primarily filter from the blood?

Nitrogenous wastes Signup and view all the answers

Where does Photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

Plastid-chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

How is carbon dioxide transported from tissues back to the lungs?

Dissolved in plasma Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the air pressure in the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of water in plants?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the kidney in the human excretory system?

Filtering waste from blood Signup and view all the answers

What structure collects urine in the kidneys before it is passed to the ureter?

Collecting duct Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure drives translocation in plants?

Osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is actively secreted into urine through the nephron?

Potassium ion (K+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Bowman’s capsule in the nephron?

Filtration of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of processes occurring in the nephron?

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Life Processes

Life processes are essential for living organisms to maintain their existence
Nutrition encompasses processes of taking in food and converting it into energy
Autotrophic Nutrition: Organisms prepare their own food like plants, algae, and some bacteria
Photosynthesis: Process where plants and some organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
Heterotrophic Nutrition: Organisms depend on other sources for food like animals, fungi, and some bacteria.
- Herbivores eat only plants
- Carnivores eat other animals
- Omnivores eat both plants and animals
- Saprophytes feed on dead and decaying organic matter
- Parasites derive nutrition from other living organisms, often harming them
Respiration: Process of breaking down food to release energy
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen producing lactic acid or ethanol.
- Importance of Respiration: crucial for energy production, growth, repair and movement.
Transportation: movement of substances throughout the organism
- In humans: the circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, and blood) transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products, removing toxins.
- In plants: Xylem transports water and minerals; phloem transports sugars and other nutrients.
Excretion: removal of metabolic waste products from the organism
- Human Excretion: kidneys filter waste from blood, forming urine. Other organs involved in excretion include sweat glands, lungs, and liver.
- Plant Excretion: plants release waste products like oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Importance of Excretion: Maintaining the internal environment, preventing toxic build-up.

Nutrition in Human Beings

Mouth: Digestion begins with teeth breaking down food, along with saliva acting through enzymes.
Oesophagus: The food pipe transports food to the stomach.
Stomach: Food mixes with gastric juices (including hydrochloric acid and enzymes) initiating protein digestion.
Small intestine: Digestion and absorption; nutrients absorbed into bloodstream through villi.
Large intestine: Absorbs water and forms feces.
Anus: Feces are expelled from the body.

Respiration in Humans

Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation): Inhaling and exhaling air.
External Respiration: Gas exchange in the lungs (O₂ in, CO₂ out).
Transport of Gases: Blood transports O₂ and CO₂.
Internal Respiration: Gas exchange in tissues (O₂ out, CO₂ in).
Cellular Respiration: Process of breaking down food molecules to release energy in cells.
Double Circulation: Blood passes through the heart twice in each complete circuit. This is important to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated.

Respiration in Plants

Plants respire through stomata.
Gas exchange occurs through stomata and lenticels.
Transpiration: Water lost from plant parts
Translocation: Movement of sugars in plants

Transportation in Human Beings

The circulatory system is comprised of heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Heart: Pushes blood throughout the body.
Blood Vessels: carry blood throughout the body.
Blood: Transmits oxygen, nutrients, and carries away waste products.

Excretion in Plants

Plants release excess water vapor through transpiration
Plants release waste through:
- Gaseous Exchange: Plants exhale oxygen during photosynthesis and absorb carbon dioxide during respiration.
- Storage and Removal: Some waste products like resins and gums are stored in leaves or bark.
- Roots: Some waste products release into the soil.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration: Breakdown of glucose or other respiratory substrates to release energy
Process occurs in cells, crucial for energy production and numerous cellular functions.
It is the process in which Glucose or other Respiratory substrate is broken down in the presence of Oxygen to release energy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on human and plant physiology with this engaging quiz. Questions cover the digestive system, respiratory processes, and plant functions. Perfect for biology students looking to assess their understanding of essential concepts.