Biology Quiz: Human and Plant Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

  • Produces energy from glucose
  • Facilitates gas exchange in the lungs
  • Absorbs nutrients from digested food
  • Absorbs water from undigested food (correct)

What is produced during cellular respiration when glucose is broken down?

  • Only energy is produced
  • Glucose is absorbed
  • Oxygen is consumed
  • Energy, carbon dioxide, and water are produced (correct)

Which stage of respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

  • Krebs cycle
  • Gas exchange in lungs
  • Internal respiration
  • Glycolysis (correct)

What happens to pyruvic acid in the mitochondria during respiration?

<p>It is converted into acetyl-CoA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?

<p>External respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries?

<p>To transport oxygenated blood from the heart to organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is NOT part of blood?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do platelets play in the blood?

<p>Help in blood coagulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel connects arteries to veins?

<p>Capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fluid component of blood?

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pulmonary veins from other veins?

<p>They transport oxygenated blood to the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lymph primarily formed from?

<p>Leaked fluid in tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stomata in plants?

<p>Exchange gases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is vital for protein synthesis in plants and is absorbed from the soil?

<p>Nitrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the digestion of starch in the human mouth?

<p>Salivary amylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the small intestine in human digestion?

<p>Digestion and absorption of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are received in the small intestine to aid in digestion?

<p>Amylase and trypsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an amoeba consume food?

<p>By engulfing with finger-like extensions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action performed by the oesophagus during digestion?

<p>Rhythmic contractions to move food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What helps protect the stomach lining from the effects of hydrochloric acid?

<p>Mucus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

<p>Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic occurs without it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does pyruvate breakdown occur in aerobic respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

<p>Lactic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in a higher energy yield?

<p>Aerobic respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes muscle cramps during intense exercise?

<p>Accumulation of lactic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in cells?

<p>To provide energy for cellular activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary waste product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

<p>Ethanol and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aerobic respiration occur in humans?

<p>Through gas exchange and breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process helps maintain a balanced internal environment in plants?

<p>Excretion through roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hemoglobin transport in the human body?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are involved in the excretion process in the human body?

<p>Kidneys and liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

<p>It contracts and increases thoracic cavity volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of waste do kidneys primarily filter from the blood?

<p>Nitrogenous wastes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does Photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

<p>Plastid-chloroplast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is carbon dioxide transported from tissues back to the lungs?

<p>Dissolved in plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the air pressure in the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

<p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of water in plants?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the kidney in the human excretory system?

<p>Filtering waste from blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure collects urine in the kidneys before it is passed to the ureter?

<p>Collecting duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure drives translocation in plants?

<p>Osmotic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood?

<p>Glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is actively secreted into urine through the nephron?

<p>Potassium ion (K+) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Bowman’s capsule in the nephron?

<p>Filtration of blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of processes occurring in the nephron?

<p>Filtration, reabsorption, secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis

The process where light energy is converted into chemical energy within plants, leading to the production of glucose and oxygen.

Stomata

Tiny pores on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, primarily the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

Guard Cells

Specialized cells surrounding stomata that control their opening and closing, regulating gas exchange and water loss.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

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Alimentary Canal

A long tube extending from the mouth to the anus, responsible for the digestion and absorption of food.

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Stomach

A muscular sac in the digestive system that mixes food with gastric juices, breaking down proteins and killing bacteria.

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Villi

Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area, enhancing the absorption of nutrients.

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Nutrition

The process of taking in nutrients from food and using them for growth and energy.

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Respiration

The process of taking in oxygen and using it to produce energy for bodily functions.

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Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation)

The movement of air into and out of the lungs. It's the physical act of breathing.

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External Respiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.

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Internal Respiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's tissues.

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Cellular Respiration

A series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria to break down glucose and produce ATP (energy).

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What are arteries?

Thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's organs. They handle high pressure from the heartbeat.

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What are veins?

Thin-walled blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They are not under high pressure like arteries.

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What are capillaries?

The smallest blood vessels, they connect arteries and veins. They facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

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What is blood plasma?

The liquid component of blood, mostly water, that carries nutrients, waste, and other important substances.

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What are Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and brings it to the body's cells.

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What are White Blood Cells (WBCs)?

White blood cells are part of the immune system. They defend against infections and disease.

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What are platelets?

Small cell fragments in blood that help stop bleeding by forming clots.

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What is lymph?

A fluid similar to blood, but lacking red blood cells, that flows through lymphatic vessels. It plays a role in immune function.

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Aerobic Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP. Produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

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Anaerobic Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose in the absence of oxygen to release energy. Produces either lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A high-energy molecule found in cells that provides energy for cellular activities. It is like a small battery that powers cellular functions.

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Why do your legs feel sore after intense running?

The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen. This results in the production of lactic acid in muscle cells, which causes cramps.

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Respiration in Humans

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. It includes breathing and cellular respiration.

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Aerobic Respiration Breakdown

The breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. Occurs in mitochondria and produces a high amount of energy (ATP).

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Anaerobic Respiration Breakdown

The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen. Takes place in the cytoplasm and results in less energy production. There are two types: Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

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Pyruvate Breakdown in Aerobic Respiration

The process of breaking down pyruvate in the presence of oxygen. Produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts and releases a significant amount of energy.

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Excretion

The process by which organisms remove waste products from their bodies to maintain a healthy internal environment.

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Kidneys

The primary organs of the human excretory system, responsible for filtering waste products, excess salts, and water from the blood.

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Nephrons

Tiny filtering units within the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine.

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Bowman's Capsule

The cup-shaped structure in a nephron that surrounds the glomerulus.

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Glomerulus

A network of capillaries within Bowman's capsule that filters blood.

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Filtration

The process of filtering waste products from the blood and forming urine in the nephrons.

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Reabsorption

The process of reabsorbing useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood.

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Secretion

The process of selectively removing substances from the blood and adding them to the urine.

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What is Excretion?

The process by which organisms remove metabolic waste products from their bodies.

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What role do Kidneys play in excretion?

The removal of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and uric acid, from the body through urine.

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What is Respiration?

The process of taking in oxygen and using it to produce energy for bodily functions.

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What is External Respiration?

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.

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What is Internal Respiration?

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's tissues.

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What is Photosynthesis?

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) in the presence of chlorophyll.

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What is Cellular Respiration?

The process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce energy (ATP).

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Explain how plants excrete waste.

Plants can also excrete waste substances through their roots. This process helps plants maintain a balanced internal environment.

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Study Notes

Life Processes

  • Life processes are essential for living organisms to maintain their existence
  • Nutrition encompasses processes of taking in food and converting it into energy
  • Autotrophic Nutrition: Organisms prepare their own food like plants, algae, and some bacteria
  • Photosynthesis: Process where plants and some organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
  • Heterotrophic Nutrition: Organisms depend on other sources for food like animals, fungi, and some bacteria.
    • Herbivores eat only plants
    • Carnivores eat other animals
    • Omnivores eat both plants and animals
    • Saprophytes feed on dead and decaying organic matter
    • Parasites derive nutrition from other living organisms, often harming them
  • Respiration: Process of breaking down food to release energy
    • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.
    • Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen producing lactic acid or ethanol.
    • Importance of Respiration: crucial for energy production, growth, repair and movement.
  • Transportation: movement of substances throughout the organism
    • In humans: the circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, and blood) transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products, removing toxins.
    • In plants: Xylem transports water and minerals; phloem transports sugars and other nutrients.
  • Excretion: removal of metabolic waste products from the organism
    • Human Excretion: kidneys filter waste from blood, forming urine. Other organs involved in excretion include sweat glands, lungs, and liver.
    • Plant Excretion: plants release waste products like oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • Importance of Excretion: Maintaining the internal environment, preventing toxic build-up.

Nutrition in Human Beings

  • Mouth: Digestion begins with teeth breaking down food, along with saliva acting through enzymes.
  • Oesophagus: The food pipe transports food to the stomach.
  • Stomach: Food mixes with gastric juices (including hydrochloric acid and enzymes) initiating protein digestion.
  • Small intestine: Digestion and absorption; nutrients absorbed into bloodstream through villi.
  • Large intestine: Absorbs water and forms feces.
  • Anus: Feces are expelled from the body.

Respiration in Humans

  • Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation): Inhaling and exhaling air.
  • External Respiration: Gas exchange in the lungs (O2 in, CO2 out).
  • Transport of Gases: Blood transports O2 and CO2.
  • Internal Respiration: Gas exchange in tissues (O2 out, CO2 in).
  • Cellular Respiration: Process of breaking down food molecules to release energy in cells.
  • Double Circulation: Blood passes through the heart twice in each complete circuit. This is important to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated.

Respiration in Plants

  • Plants respire through stomata.
  • Gas exchange occurs through stomata and lenticels.
  • Transpiration: Water lost from plant parts
  • Translocation: Movement of sugars in plants

Transportation in Human Beings

  • The circulatory system is comprised of heart, blood vessels, and blood.
  • Heart: Pushes blood throughout the body.
  • Blood Vessels: carry blood throughout the body.
  • Blood: Transmits oxygen, nutrients, and carries away waste products.

Excretion in Plants

  • Plants release excess water vapor through transpiration
  • Plants release waste through:
    • Gaseous Exchange: Plants exhale oxygen during photosynthesis and absorb carbon dioxide during respiration.
    • Storage and Removal: Some waste products like resins and gums are stored in leaves or bark.
    • Roots: Some waste products release into the soil.

Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular Respiration: Breakdown of glucose or other respiratory substrates to release energy
  • Process occurs in cells, crucial for energy production and numerous cellular functions.
  • It is the process in which Glucose or other Respiratory substrate is broken down in the presence of Oxygen to release energy.

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Test your knowledge on human and plant physiology with this engaging quiz. Questions cover the digestive system, respiratory processes, and plant functions. Perfect for biology students looking to assess their understanding of essential concepts.

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