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Questions and Answers
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
- Lactic acid
- Carbon dioxide and water
- Pyruvate
- Ethanol and carbon dioxide (correct)
Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
False (B)
What is the three-carbon molecule produced from the breakdown of glucose?
What is the three-carbon molecule produced from the breakdown of glucose?
Pyruvate
The process of breathing involves the intake of oxygen and release of ______.
The process of breathing involves the intake of oxygen and release of ______.
Which part of the cell is responsible for aerobic respiration?
Which part of the cell is responsible for aerobic respiration?
Lactic acid is produced during aerobic respiration.
Lactic acid is produced during aerobic respiration.
Match the following respiration types with their characteristics:
Match the following respiration types with their characteristics:
What is the main purpose of respiration in cells?
What is the main purpose of respiration in cells?
What is the primary function of ATP in cellular respiration?
What is the primary function of ATP in cellular respiration?
The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is slower than that seen in terrestrial organisms.
The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is slower than that seen in terrestrial organisms.
What is the function of the pharynx in the human respiratory system?
What is the function of the pharynx in the human respiratory system?
The bronchioles are smaller tubes that finally terminate in balloon-like structures called _______________________.
The bronchioles are smaller tubes that finally terminate in balloon-like structures called _______________________.
Match the following components of the human respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following components of the human respiratory system with their functions:
What is the role of the mucus membrane in the human respiratory system?
What is the role of the mucus membrane in the human respiratory system?
The vocal cords are located in the trachea.
The vocal cords are located in the trachea.
What is the function of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?
What is the function of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?
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Study Notes
Respiration in Human Beings
- Respiration involves two stages: gaseous exchange (breathing) and cellular respiration
- Breakdown of glucose occurs through various pathways
- In cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, a three-carbon molecule
- Pyruvate can be:
- Converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (anaerobic respiration, occurs in yeast)
- Broken down into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration, occurs in mitochondria)
- Converted into lactic acid in muscle cells when oxygen is lacking, causing cramps
- Energy released during cellular respiration is used to synthesize ATP, which fuels cellular activities
- Rate of breathing is faster in aquatic organisms due to low dissolved oxygen levels
Human Respiratory System
- Passage of air through the respiratory system involves:
- Nostrils: air enters, warmed, moisturized, and filtered
- Pharynx: air passes through, splits into trachea and esophagus
- Larynx (voice box): air passes through, vocal cords manipulate pitch and volume
- Trachea: air passes through, connects to bronchi
- Bronchi: air passes through, shuttle air to and from lungs
- Bronchioles: smaller tubes that terminate in alveoli
- Alveoli: sites of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between lungs and bloodstream
Mechanism of Breathing
- Exchange of gases between alveoli, blood, and tissues involves:
- Oxygen-rich air reaches blood, combining with hemoglobin
- Oxygen is transported to tissues, and carbon dioxide is transported back to lungs
- Carbon dioxide is expelled from the body through exhalation
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