Biology Chapter: Respiration and Transportation

Questions and Answers

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Lactic acid

Carbon dioxide and water

Pyruvate

Ethanol and carbon dioxide (correct)

Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

False

What is the three-carbon molecule produced from the breakdown of glucose?

Pyruvate

The process of breathing involves the intake of oxygen and release of ______.

carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell is responsible for aerobic respiration?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Lactic acid is produced during aerobic respiration.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiration types with their characteristics:

Aerobic respiration = Requires oxygen Anaerobic respiration = Occurs without oxygen Lactic acid fermentation = Occurs in muscle cells under low oxygen Alcoholic fermentation = Occurs in yeast Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of respiration in cells?

To release energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular respiration?

To fuel all other activities in the cell Signup and view all the answers

The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is slower than that seen in terrestrial organisms.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx in the human respiratory system?

It splits into trachea and esophagus, providing airflow to and from the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

The bronchioles are smaller tubes that finally terminate in balloon-like structures called _______________________.

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the human respiratory system with their functions:

Trachea = Provides air flow to and from the lungs Larynx = Houses the vocal cords and manipulates pitch and volume Bronchi = Main passageway into the lungs Alveoli = Sites of gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mucus membrane in the human respiratory system?

To filter out dust and bacteria from the air Signup and view all the answers

The vocal cords are located in the trachea.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?

They allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiration in Human Beings

Respiration involves two stages: gaseous exchange (breathing) and cellular respiration
Breakdown of glucose occurs through various pathways
In cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, a three-carbon molecule
Pyruvate can be:
- Converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (anaerobic respiration, occurs in yeast)
- Broken down into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration, occurs in mitochondria)
- Converted into lactic acid in muscle cells when oxygen is lacking, causing cramps
Energy released during cellular respiration is used to synthesize ATP, which fuels cellular activities
Rate of breathing is faster in aquatic organisms due to low dissolved oxygen levels

Human Respiratory System

Passage of air through the respiratory system involves:
- Nostrils: air enters, warmed, moisturized, and filtered
- Pharynx: air passes through, splits into trachea and esophagus
- Larynx (voice box): air passes through, vocal cords manipulate pitch and volume
- Trachea: air passes through, connects to bronchi
- Bronchi: air passes through, shuttle air to and from lungs
- Bronchioles: smaller tubes that terminate in alveoli
- Alveoli: sites of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between lungs and bloodstream

Mechanism of Breathing

Exchange of gases between alveoli, blood, and tissues involves:
- Oxygen-rich air reaches blood, combining with hemoglobin
- Oxygen is transported to tissues, and carbon dioxide is transported back to lungs
- Carbon dioxide is expelled from the body through exhalation

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of respiration in humans and plants, including the breakdown of glucose, types of respiration, and the human respiratory system. It also explores transportation in humans and plants, including the circulatory system and blood circulation.