Biology Quiz: Cells and Nervous System

Course Information

• Course title: ANAT7002 - Anatomy & Neuroanatomy Fundamentals for Speech Pathologists
• Lecturer: Dr. Ray Lang
• Lectures are Tuesdays, 4-hour block (3 lectures + 1 revision)
• Workshops are Fridays (AM)

Acknowledgement of Country

• Traditional Owners of the land are acknowledged
• Their ancestors and descendants are recognised
• Cultural and spiritual connections are highlighted
• Ongoing contributions to Australian and global society are valuable

Learning Objectives

• Describe the main anatomical structures of the head, neck, and thorax involved in human communication and swallowing
• Associate anatomical structures and their function to typical communication and swallowing processes
• Explain the role of key sensory and motor systems in typical communication and swallowing processes
• Integrate various anatomical structures and their function of the head, neck, and thorax to predict functional deficits resulting from altered anatomy

Course Structure

• Module 1: Introduction to regional and functional anatomy relevant for speech and swallowing
• Module 2: Functional anatomy of mastication, deglutition, and phonation apparatuses
• Module 3: Sensory systems involved in speech and swallowing
• Module 4: Motor control relevant for speech and swallowing

Course Staff and Contributors

• The course staff, including Dr. Ray Lang, are listed
• There are also additional contributors (listed by name)

Assessment

• In-Workshop Quizzes (50%): 10 multiple-choice questions per quiz, 15 minutes per quiz
• End-of-Semester Exam (50%): 25 multiple-choice questions, 25 short answer questions, 15 minutes reading time, 60 minutes to complete

Recommended Textbooks

• Details for textbooks are provided, including those available via the UQ Library

Course Comments

• Contact details are provided for course-related questions (email, Blackboard discussion board)

Lecture 1: Cells, Tissue Types, and Broad Terminology

• Learning objectives include describing the levels of organization in the human body, cellular composition of tissues/organs, types of cells, how different tissues interact, peripheral/nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems

Levels of Biological Organization

• Various levels are described, from atoms to molecules up to the organismal level
• Size ranges are given for various biological entities
• Visual aids (diagrams) are mentioned to illustrate the scale

Cell Differentiation and Types

• Stem cells can differentiate into numerous cell types
• Cells have similar genetic, metabolic and structural principles across many different types

Sub-Organismal Systems

• The body's organ systems work integratively, and are described and shown in diagrams to explain functioning

Nervous Tissue

• Neurons receive and transmit electrical impulses
• Glial cells provide structural and functional support to neurons

Neuronal Connections (Synapses)

• 3 types—Synapses with other neurons, Neuromuscular, Neuroglandular
• Key component parts are labelled in diagrams

Nervous System Components

• Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord—integrates signals and performs higher cognitive functions.
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)—the nerves outside the CNS, connects CNS to organs/muscles

PNS: Spinal and Cranial Nerves

• Importance for speech and described in relation to anatomy

Autonomic Nervous System

• Composed of sympathetic ('fight or flight') and parasympathetic ('rest and repose') divisions
• Key examples and functions are given for each system

Bone Tissue

• Two types of bone tissue: compact & cancellous
• Describes cartilage structure including cells and extracellular matrix
• Also describes bone microscopic structure, including cells, and types

Bone Growth

• Endochondral (cartilage-based) and intramembranous (membrane-based) ossification
• The epiphyseal plate is described as a growth plate
• Appositional growth results in an increase in bone diameter

Sutures in the Skull

• Synarthroses (fibrous joints)
• Connecting areas between cranial bones

Fontanelles

• Structures are described as incomplete at birth, and help during passage through the birth canal

Cavities & Sinuses of the Skull

• Major cranium cavities/structures described to include the orbital, nasal and oral cavities, paranasal sinuses
• Diagrams included to identify components.

The Axial Skeleton

• Includes the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
• Functions, including protection, supports and attachments, are included