Biology Photosynthesis and Respiration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following organisms is classified as a primary consumer?

  • Lion
  • Grouper (correct)
  • Algae
  • Phytoplankton

    • Secondary consumers are organisms that eat tertiary consumers.

    False

    Name one characteristic of population ecology that affects population change.

    Birth or death

    The number of people per unit area at a certain time is known as __________.

    <p>population density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Producers = Organisms that create their own food Primary Consumers = Herbivores that eat producers Tertiary Consumers = Top predators that eat secondary consumers Population Distribution = Dispersion of how organisms are spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for converting solar energy into glucose?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiration is only performed by producers in an ecosystem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for photosynthesis?

    <p>6H₂O + 6CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total amount of solar energy captured by producers in an ecosystem is known as _____ (GPP).

    <p>Gross Primary Productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of consumers with their definitions:

    <p>Primary Consumers = Organisms that eat producers Secondary Consumers = Carnivores that eat primary consumers Tertiary Consumers = Top predators that eat secondary consumers Decomposers = Organisms that break down dead material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the carrying capacity of an environment?

    <p>The limit of how many individuals a particular environment can support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Density-independent factors are affected by the size of the population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does the growth curve take during exponential population growth?

    <p>J-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a population reaches its ______, growth typically slows and may even crash.

    <p>carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their descriptions:

    <p>Density-dependent factors = Limit as population size increases Density-independent factors = Limit regardless of population size Exponential growth = Rapid growth under unlimited resources Logistic growth = Growth that slows as it nears carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of species interaction benefits one species while the other is unaffected?

    <p>Commensalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Predation occurs when two species compete for the same resources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for species that have a disproportionately large effect on their ecosystem?

    <p>keystone species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ______________, both species involved have an increased chance of survival.

    <p>mutualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following species interactions with their definitions:

    <p>Commensalism = One species benefits, the other is unaffected Competition = Species compete for limited resources Predation = One species consumes another Mutualism = Both species benefit from the interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered biotic factors in an ecosystem?

    <p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Abiotic factors include living things such as plants and animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe organisms that create their own food using photosynthesis?

    <p>Producers or Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary consumers are also known as __________.

    <p>herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of organisms with their characteristics:

    <p>Producers = Create their own food Primary Consumers = Eat plants Secondary Consumers = Eat primary consumers Decomposers = Break down dead matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence the global distribution of fish in aquatic biomes?

    <p>Geography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A swamp is characterized by having predominantly grassy vegetation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water body is primarily characterized by waterlogged soil and high acidity?

    <p>Bog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An area where a river meets the ocean is called an __________.

    <p>estuary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of water bodies with their characteristics:

    <p>Lake = Standing body of water with inputs and outputs through rivers Pond = Smaller body of water with uniform temperatures Marsh = Wetland area primarily composed of grasses Riparian = Ecosystem associated with riverbanks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a keystone species in the kelp forest ecosystem?

    <p>Sea otter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coral bleaching occurs when zooxanthellae leave the coral due to stress.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function of kelp forests in marine ecosystems.

    <p>Provides shelter and food for many organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phytoplankton produce the majority of ______ in the Earth's atmosphere.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tidal effects to their corresponding states:

    <p>High Tide = Salinity increases Low Tide = Water temperature increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major threat to estuaries that results from agricultural practices?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sea grasses thrive only in freshwater environments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one ecological role that estuaries play in the environment.

    <p>Breeding grounds for fish and birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Half of the area of salt marshes is often destroyed for __________.

    <p>aquaculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aquatic plants with their characteristics:

    <p>Eel grass = Salt-tolerant plant found in salt marshes Sea grass = Adapted to brackish water and serves as a keystone species Mangrove trees = Provide habitat in coastal ecosystems Phytoplankton = Primary producers contributing to the biomass in estuaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis

    • Producers convert solar energy into glucose and oxygen.
    • Chemical reaction: Sunlight + 6H₂O + 6CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (glucose + oxygen)

    Respiration

    • All organisms use respiration to convert glucose into energy, CO₂ and water.
    • Opposite of photosynthesis.
    • Chemical reaction: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy

    Consumers

    • Primary Consumers: Herbivores that eat producers (plants).
    • Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat primary consumers.
    • Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat secondary consumers (top predators).

    Energy Flow

    • Trophic Levels: Levels of organisms consuming one another.
    • Food Chain: Linear sequence of consumption from producers to tertiary consumers.
    • Food Web: Interconnected, non-linear way of showing energy flow in an ecosystem.
    • Trophic Pyramids: Show distribution of biomass and energy in an ecosystem.

    Ecosystem Productivity

    • GPP (Gross Primary Productivity): Total amount of solar energy captured by producers in an ecosystem.
    • NPP (Net Primary Productivity): Energy captured by producers minus energy respired.
    • NNP (Net Net Productivity): Energy captured by producers minus respiration losses, available for other organisms.

    Population Ecology

    • Studies population change (birth, death).
    • Factors that influence population increase or decrease.

    Population Characteristics

    • Size
    • Density
    • Distribution
    • Gender
    • Age

    Factors Influencing Population Size

    • Density-dependent factors: Depend on population size.
      • Limiting resources: As population size increases, resources might not be able to sustain the population growth.
    • Carrying Capacity (K): The limit of individuals an environment can support.
    • Density-independent factors: Factors that limit population size regardless of population size.
      • Examples: Natural disasters, extreme weather.

    Population Growth Models

    • Exponential growth: Rapid growth with unlimited resources (J-shaped growth curve).
    • Logistic growth: Growth slows as it reaches the carrying capacity (S-shaped growth curve).

    Species Interactions

    • Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected.
    • Competition: Individuals compete for limited resources.
    • Predation: One species (predator) uses another (prey) as a food source.
    • Mutualism: Two species interact in a way that benefits both.

    Community Ecology

    • Studies how interspecies interactions determine species survival in habitats.

    Competition

    • Individuals compete for limited resources.
    • One species often drives the other to extinction.

    Predation

    • One species (predator) uses another (prey) as a food source.
    • Predators kill and consume prey.

    Mutualism

    • Two species interact in a way that increases both their survival chances.

    Commensalism

    • One species benefits, while the other is unaffected.

    Keystone Species

    • More important than others in an environment.
    • Their removal can drastically change the ecosystem.
    • Often exist in low numbers.
    • Can be predators or providers of food for other species.

    Ecosystems

    • Particular locations on Earth with a unique mix of biotic and abiotic components.
    • Examples: Forests, grasslands, rivers, and lakes.

    Components of an Ecosystem

    • Biotic Factors: Living things (e.g., birds, insects, plants).
    • Abiotic Factors: Non-living components (e.g., soil, water, temperature, sunlight, nutrients).

    Ecosystem Boundaries

    • Difficult to determine, often defined by factors such as where animals live.

    Ecosystem Interactions

    • Different ecosystems can interact, and animals may live in and use multiple ecosystems.
    • Changes to one ecosystem can impact another.

    Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem

    • Producers/Autotrophs: Create their own food through photosynthesis (e.g., plants, algae, and some bacteria).
    • Consumers/Heterotrophs: Obtain energy by consuming other organisms (e.g., animals, insects, and most bacteria).
    • Primary Consumers (Herbivores): Eat producers (plants).

    Aquatic Biomes

    • Intertidal Zones: Where the ocean meets land, rocky, organisms need specialized adaptations.
      • Coral Reefs: Mutualistic relationship between corals and zooxanthellae (photosynthetic algae).
        • Threats: Sensitive to temperature fluctuations and pollution.
        • Bleaching: Pollution and stressors can cause algae to leave corals, making them appear white.
        • Importance: Biodiversity, fish habitat, wave energy, and tourism revenue.
    • Open Ocean: Low productivity per area, but vast amount of open water with high overall productivity.
      • Phytoplankton: Produce majority of Earth's oxygen.
    • Kelp Forest: Giant kelp provide shelter and food, absorb wave energy, and are a human food source.
      • Keystone Species: Sea otters play a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

    Estuaries

    • Coastal wetlands where a river meets the ocean.
    • Highly adapted species live in brackish water (mix of salt and fresh).
    • Have high productivity, large biomass of producers.
    • Rivers bring in nutrients, increasing phytoplankton.
    • High decomposition leads to more nutrients.
    • Build land through sediments.
    • Protect areas from storms and hurricanes.
    • Clean water from ocean pollution.

    Threats to Estuaries

    • Eutrophication: Nutrient run-off.
    • Deforestation: Soil erosion and sediment pollution.
    • Dams upstream prevent sediments and nutrients from entering the estuaries.

    Salt Marshes

    • Located in temperate latitudes.
    • High primary production of salt-tolerant plants like eel grass.

    Mangrove Forests

    • Located in tropical and subtropical latitudes.
    • Roots provide habitat for salt-tolerant trees.
    • Half of the area is often destroyed for aquaculture.

    Sea Grass

    • Found in estuaries.
    • Adapted to higher salinity levels.
    • Keystone species in eel grass.
    • Estuaries are important breeding grounds for fish, birds, and crustaceans.

    Biomes:

    • River: Natural flow of water in a permanent path.
    • Stream: Small flow of water in an irregular path.
    • Riparian: River ecosystem.
    • Lake: Standing body of water with inputs and outputs through rivers and streams.
    • Pond: Smaller lake with more uniform water temperatures.
    • Marsh: Wetland area where water saturates the soil, primarily grasses.
    • Swamp: Wetland with trees and shrubs.
    • Bog: Wetland made primarily of peat and mosses.
    • Estuary: Coastal wetland where a river meets the ocean.

    Factors Influencing Global Distribution of Aquatic Biomes

    • Salinity
    • Temperature
    • Nutrients
    • Depth
    • Turbidity

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in organisms. Explore the roles of producers and consumers, the flow of energy through ecosystems, and the concepts of food chains and trophic levels. This quiz covers key concepts and chemical reactions involved in these vital biological processes.

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